[英语]word formation ppt.pptVIP

6 outline 1affixation 2compounding 3conversion 4blending 5clipping 6acronymy 7back-formation 8sound reduplication 9commonization of proper names Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to bases . This process is also known as derivation ,by which new words are derived from old or base forms . The words created in this way are called derivations . According to the positions affixes occupy in words , affixation falls into two subcategories: prefixation and 1.1Prefixation Prefixation is the formation of new by adding prefixes to bases . Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the base but only modify its meaning . For convenience of study, we shall present prefixes on a semantic basis, that is , we shall group prefixes into semantic sets , each consisting of all the major prefixes that have similar meaning and functions . At same time , for ease of access, the affixes in each set are arranged in alphabetical order. 1.1prefixation 1.1.1negative prefixes 1.1.2reversative or privative prefixes 1.1.3 pejorative prefixes 1.1.4prefixes of degree or size 1.1.5prefixes of orientation and attitude 1.1.6locative prefixes 1.1.7prefixes of tie and order 1.1.8number prefixes 1.1.9conversion prefixes 1.1.10miscellaneous prefixes 1.1prefixation 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。e.g： agree同意→ agree 同意 fair公平的→ fair 公平的 possible可能的→ possible 可能的 understand理解→ understand 1.1prefixation 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又), sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等。e.g： worker工人→ co-worker 同事，帮手 large 大的→ enlarge 使变大 operate工作→ cooperate 合作 write写字→ rewrite 重写 way路→ subway 地铁 1.2 suffixation Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases . Unlike prefixes which primarily effect a semantic modification of the