1.基本语法、名词.docxVIP

基本语法英语中的句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、同位语和补语八种。1.主语主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体，表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事物，一般用名词、代词、动名词、相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当。Eg.1.Japan is famous for its car and electronic produces.2.They all agree with us on this issue.3.Walking is a good way to exercise.4.Only Li Lei passed CET-6 exam this time.5.Four pluses ten is fourteen. 6.What you said will be used as testimony in a court of law.（米兰达规则）特殊情况：句子作主语Eg.It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday.(That he didn’t come yesterday is strange.)What a surprise that he should have failed in the exam.2.谓语谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述说明，指出“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”，由动词充当，与主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致（主谓一致）。Eg.Your experiment has received the sponsorship of Microsoft Corp.When you called me, I was taking a shower.His theory proved to be right.The door doesn’t lock easily. (含被动意义的主动语态)I have ever been to over 100 countries.谓语应当注意时态！3.表语表语说明主语是什么或者怎么样，用名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或从句等充当，与系动词一起构成谓语。Eg,Africa is a big continent.You look beautiful today.The patient is out of danger now.I will be in charge of this office soon.The sun is up.(副词)The truth is not like what he said.My advice for you is that you see a doctor immediately.4.宾语宾语表示主语的动作、行为的对象，分为直接宾语和间接宾语，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当。及物动词后必须有宾语。Eg.Have the police found the lost girl?He didn’t like them.I do like to go to school. = I do like going to school.They sent the injured to the hospital.Do you write down what he said?直接宾语间接宾语I give you some money.He showed me his new work.5.定语定语用来修饰名词或代词。除形容词外，定语还可以用代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词、短语或从句充当。Eg.We want five more chairs.The woman in red hat is Jack’s mom.You are sitting on his seat.The bottle filled with water is not mine.Don’t you remember the story I told you last week?The boy needs a ball pen.定语前置次序：限观形龄色国材6.状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，常用副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词、短语或从句等充当。[定语是主语或宾语的附加成分，而状语是谓语的附加成分]Eg.I went there to study.He got home at 11 pm last night.She speaks English very well.The boy was praised for his bravery.Tom moved to Chongqing when he was 19 years old.Unknown the s