内隐和外显职业性别刻板印象.docxVIP

Implicit and Explicit Occupation-sex stereotypesAbstract This study was designed to compare implicit and explicit occupation-sex stereotypes for three occupations (engineer, accountant, and elementary school teacher). These occupations represented the end points and middle of a masculine-feminine continuum of explicit occupation-sex stereotypes. Implicit stereotypes were assessed using the Implicit Association Test (IAT), which is believed to minimize self-presentational biases common with explicit measures of occupation-sex stereotypes. IAT results for the most gender stereotyped occupations, engineer (masculine) and elementary school teacher (feminine), were comparable to explicit ratings. There was less agreement with less stereotyped comparisons. Results indicated that accounting was implicitly perceived as more masculine than explicit measures indicate, which calls into question reports of diminishing gender stereotyping for such occupations.Keywords Occupation-sex stereotypes .Implicit stereotypes .Stereotypes .Implicit Association TestPopular beliefs have long held that because of their stereotyped traits and temperaments men and women are suited for different kinds of occupations. One of the earliest empirical examinations of these occupation-sex stereotypes was conducted by Shinar (1975) who showed that college students thought that some occupations required masculine traits, while others required feminine traits. The method that Shinar (1975) and others (Beggs Doolittlo, 1993; Whito, Kruczok, Brown,Whito, 1989) used to study occupational stereotypes is the traditional method of measuring stereotypes of all typos. Indeed, it was first used by Katz and Braly (1935) in their very early work on national stereotypes. This approach treats stereotypes as a Collection of traits o r attributes that the respondent consciously and explicitly associates with members of different groups. Most conceptual treatments of stereotypes, and all popular accounts, have emphasi