[工程科技]cell_biology-2011-spring-07.pdf

Chapter 7 Endomembrane system, Chapter 7 Endomembrane system, Protein Sorting and membrane Protein Sorting and trafficking membrane trafficking 1. The Compartmentalization of Cells The Structure of a bacterium All Eucaryotic Cells Have the Same Basic Set of Membrane- enclosed Organelles Functions of cytoplasmic matrix The protein synthesis, degradation and modification. Cells carefully monitor the amount of misfolded proteins. An accumulation of misfolded proteins in the cytosol triggers a heat-shock response, which stimulates the transcription of genes encoding cytosolic chaperones that help to refold the proteins. 2. Endomembrane System Topological relationships between compartments of the secretory and endocytic pathways in a eucaryotic cell Proteins Can Move Between Compartments in Different Ways Vesicle budding and fusion during vesicular transport Signal Sequences and Signal Patches Direct Proteins to the Correct Cellular Address Two ways in which a sorting signal can be built into a protein Claude and G.Palade,1974 Nobel Plrize The Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane-bound Ribosomes Define the Rough ER Smooth ER Is Abundant in Some Specialized Cells Rough and Smooth Regions of ER Can Be Separated by Centrifugation Signal Sequences Were First Discovered in Proteins Imported into the Rough ER A Signal-Recognition Particle (SRP) Directs ER Signal Sequences to a Specific Receptor in the Rough ER Membrane Figure 12-44 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) Figure 12-44a Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) Figure 12-44b,c Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) The ER Signal Sequence Is Removed from Most Soluble Proteins After Translocation Figure 12-47 (part 1 of 2) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Sc