[教育]英汉双语材料力学0.ppt

CHAPTER 0 INTRODUCTION 第零章 绪 论 Leonardo Da Vinci said: “ mechanics is a mathematic paradise, because we acquired mathematicss fruit here. 达芬奇说： “力学是数学的乐园，因为我们在这里获得了数学的果实。” 达芬奇说： “力学是数学的乐园，因为我们在这里获得了数学的果实。” § 0-2 THE TASKS OF MECHANICS OF MATERIALS AND ITS RELATION WITH ENGINEERING  §0-2 材料力学的任务及与工程的联系 The tasks of mechanics of materials 材料力学的任务 1、Strength: Capacity to resist failure of a component or an element. 1、强度： 2、 Rigidity: Capacity to resist deformations of a component or an element. 2、刚度：构件的抗变形能力。 3 Stability: Capacity to remain the original state in equilibrium of a component or an element 构件保持原有平衡状态的能力 3、稳 定 性： Problems about the strength, rigidity and stability in large bridges. 大型桥梁的强度、 刚度、稳定问题 § 0-3 THE PROPERTIES AND THE FUNDAMENTAL ASSUMPTION OF THE SOLID DEFORMABLE BODIES  §0-3 可变形固体的性质及其基本假设  Macao bridge Nanpu bridge in Shanghai Nanjing Yangtze River bridge 澳 门 桥 上海南浦大桥 南京长江大桥 1. Continuity: The material of a solid deformable body is continuously distributed over its volume so that there are not any cracks, defects or holes etc. 2. Homogeneity: The material of the solid deformable body is homogeneously distributed over its volume so that the smallest element cut from the body possesses the same specific mechanical properties as the body.  3. Isotropy: The mechanical properties are the same in all directions at a point. material with this property is called isotropy material. Material that the mechanical properties are different in all directions at a point is called anisotropy material.    4. Small deformations:The deformations for a solid deformable body caused by external forces are very small compared with the dimensions of the body. Thus when we study the equilibrium and motion of the solid deformable body, the deformation of the body may be neglected.  一、连续性假设：物质密实地充满物体所在空间，毫无空隙。