[英语学习]Lesson one.pptVIP

L1^_^ Bases of the Legal System 1^_^ The law is the set of rules by which the citizens of a country regulate their conduct in relation to their fellow citizens and to the State. set 【C, ~ of sth: group of similar things that belong together in some way】 conduct (capacity~ for civil conduct 民事行为能力 full capacity for civil conduct完全民事行为能力 civil disability无民事行为能力 ＝ no capacity for civil conduct；) fellow citizens 【fellow partner共同合伙人同胞fellow countryman; compatriot: our compatriots in Tainwan】 2 In the United Kingdom there is no written set of rules; whether an action is recognised as being in conformity with the law is determined by a consideration of the authorities. determine v. 确（决、裁、测）定，决心，终止（结）见搭配：to ~ controversies 解决争议（端、吵、论等）/to ~ particular cases according to law 依法断案/to ~ the nature of an offence 确定犯罪性质/to ~ the tenancy 结束租赁 [纸也有] consideration（good consideration友善对价（指以家庭关系、爱情、情感为基础的对价，其不能构成可强制执行之合同，也称为 meritorious consideration, moral consideration），合法对价，有价对价（指对一方当事人带来经济利益或对另一方当事人造成经济损失之对价，其正好与前面的“友善对价”意思相对） the authorities 【C， often pl. = person or group having the power to give orders or take action】法律依据（可指宪法、法规、先例、规则、条例、法学著述、法官意见等） 这里是下文these的喻，具体就是 ++Statutes@@ ++ Statements by legal expert ++Reports of decided cases + If none of these fits the circumstances, the judge makes his decision^_^ by analogy [analogous, adj. ~ to/with sth; n. analogue: US analog; analogy: ~ between A and B; ~ with sth类推 ] with the past decisions made in somewhat similar circumstances. 3 ++Statutes (e.g. Royal proclamations王室公告，起先是立法手段，然而17Cen始没有了立法效力。Usu 召集、解散议会，宣布和平、战争，建立新殖民地，宣布戒严法，指定感恩节的日期 or Acts of Parliament act 主要是指由立法机关所制定的法律（the formal product of a legislative body 常用作单一的法律的名称，翻译时可译为ＸＸ法，如 Criminal Law Act（《刑法法》）、Anti-competitive Act（《反不当竞争法》）等。相比之下，law可用作指单部法律或法规，如：a law 或 laws，又可用作表示一般和抽象的含义（the law），但它一般不用作某个特定的法律命令的名称， 如 Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods 则不应译为《统一国际商品销售法》，而只能译为《国际商品销售统一法规编纂》，这样可避免人们将其误认为是一部具体的法规（事实上，它是欧共体的一部示范性法典）。） 4 ++ Sta