微波技术与天线演示幻灯片.ppt

Directivity方向系数 Directivity (D) - The ratio of the radiation intensity in a given direction from the antenna to the radiation intensity averaged over all direction. 方向系数（D）:在某方向上的辐射强度（一般取最大辐射强度）与平均辐射强度的比值 例题2：理想的等方向性辐射源的方向系数为多少？ 解： 例题3：电基本振子(电偶极子) 的方向系数为多少？ 解： 天线效率 Antenna Efficiency Prad the total power radiated by the antenna 辐射的功率 Pl the total power dissipated by the antenna in the form of ohmic losses 由于欧姆损耗而被天线消耗的功率 Antenna Gain天线增益 Gain : the ratio of the intensity, in a given direction, to the radiation intensity that would be obtained if the power accepted by the antenna were radiation isotropically. The radiation intensity corresponding to the isotropically radiated power is equal to the power accepted (input) by the antenna divided by 4p. 增益：天线在某个方向上的辐射强度（一般取最大辐射强度）与有同样输入功率的(无耗的)等方向性天线的辐射强度之比。 G=D·h [1]C. A. Balanis, Antenna theory:Analysis and design, New York:John Wiley, 1997. Antenna Input Impedance天线的输入阻抗 ZA=RA+ jXA RA： 天线的电阻 XA： 天线的电抗 RA= Rr +RL Definition:The impedance presented by an antenna at its terminals or the ratio of the voltage to current at a pair of terminals or the ratio of the appropriate components of the electric to magnetic field at a point. 定义：天线终端的阻抗 Rr：辐射电阻 RL：损耗电阻 辐射电阻Radiation Resistance Pr： 天线的辐射的功率 I： 终端电流 例题：求电基本振子的辐射电阻。 解： Definition: The polarization of the wave transmitted by the antenna. 定义： 天线辐射波的极化。 Antenna Polarization 天线极化 辐射波的极化 Definition: The polarization of radiated wave is defined as that property of an electromagnetic wave describing the time varying direction and relative magnitude of the electric-field vector; specifically, the figure traced as a function of time by the extremity of the vector at a fixed location in space, and the sense in which it is traced, as observed along the direction of propagation. 定义： 沿电磁波传播方向观察的电场矢量随时间的变化方式。 Linear polarization