环境规制与国际贸易【外文翻译】.doc

本科毕业论文外文翻译 外文题目：Environmental regulation and international trade 出 处：Journal of Regulatory Economics Volume 8, Number 1,61-72,DOI:10.1007/BF 作 者：Eftichios Sophocles Sartzetakis and Christos Constantatos 原文： Environmental regulation and international trade Abstract ：In this paper, we investigate how a countrys choice of environmental policy instrument affects the international competitiveness of its firms. We show that in a Cournot-Nash equilibrium, the total marke share of firms regulated through tradeable emission permits increases relative to that of the firms operating under command and control due to better allocation of total abatement among the firms in the country. Our work suggests that free trade situations should not only result in similar environmenta standards but also in similar regulatory regimes. It may come as no surprise that the environmental authorities in Canada are seriously considering following the United States in instituting a trade able emission permits mechanism. 1. Introduction In recent years, increased awareness of environmental issues has made pollution control, notably the control of emissions, an important topic in public policy discussions. A commonly raised objection against emissions control is that this may impair the competitiveness of the domestic industry in international markets. In particular, it has been argued that firms operating in countries with low environmental standards will acquire substantial cost advantages over international competitors operating in more environmentally conscious countries. Concern has even been expressed that some countries could become pollution havens by attracting industries through low environmental standards; see for example, Markusen et al. (1993). While earlier empirical research by Leonard (1988) and Tobey (1989; 1990) suggested that differences in environmental standards did not have significant impact on trade patterns, more recent work by Lucas e