Lesson IV (增 译).pptVIP

增词 一、为了语法上的需要 二、为了意义上的需要 三、为了修辞上的需要  二、为了意义上的需要 英译汉有时有必要增加合适的动词、形容词或副词，使译文意思明确，例如： (1) When I came to I was in the water, swimming automatically, though I was about two thirds drowned. 当我清醒过来时，发觉自己在水里，虽然浸得半死，却本能地浮着。 In the evening ，after the banquets，the concerts and table tennis exhibitions，he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué. 晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报。 Day after day he came to his work—sweeping，scrubbing，cleaning。 他每天来干活——扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。 Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected？ 如果对自己的错误都不认识，怎么能悔恨和改正呢？（增补如果使得原含蓄条件句中的隐性含义明白无误。） 英语中有一些由动词或形容词派生来的抽象名词，翻译时也可根据上下文在其后增加适当的名词，使译文意思明确、符合汉语的表达习惯。例如： darkness 漆黑一团 madness 疯狂行为  complacency 自满情绪 backwardness 落后状态  (1) After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco. 一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就飞越美国去旧金山。 (2) Recourse to arms is not the best solution to a quarrel between countries. 国与国之间的争端诉诸武力，并不是最好的解决方法。 (3) In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China. 1969年夏天，政府公开缓和与中国的紧张关系。 三、为了修辞上的需要 为了使译文优美自如、活泼生动或是得到强调，有时有必要重复某些词语或是增加适当的描述词、语气助词、重叠词、承上启下的词、概括词。例如： Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths. 他们的主人,（又是）割啊，（又是）倒啊，（又是）上菜啊，（又是）切面包啊，（又是）说啊，（又是）笑啊，（又是）敬酒啊，忙个不停。（增加语气助词和概括词语）  增 译A. Amplification by supplying words omitted in the original or for semantic completion: The best conductor has the least resistance and the poorest the greatest. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. At the time of Kennedy’s assassination, Kissinger felt that a second term would have led either to greatness or to disaster. In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers. He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. Mary wa