高中名词性从句讲解.doc

名词性从句 一.概念 名词性从句共有四种:主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句 1． 主语从句：主语从句在整个句子中作主语。 (1)that不同于其它的连词，它不充当句子的成分，只是单纯的连接词，通常不可以省略。从句置于句首时，绝对不可以省略。 That the driver could not control his war was obvious. It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.（形式主语it） (2)if 不能用在主语从句中，而是用whether Whether he left (or not) is unknown (3)当主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用（dose），下面这个句型例外。 What we need is more time and money. What we need are many more books.（就近原则） 2.表语从句：表语从句出现在系动词后，充当表语。 The trouble is that we are short of money.（不可省略） Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.（陈述句语序） (1) 引导表语从句除了上述三类词外还有because, as if/ as though等等 The reason (why/for which…..) is that …… It/This/That is because…… (2) 连系动词“appear, look, seem”的两个常用句型 It seems/appears that…. It looks/seems as if/as though……(与事实相符用陈述语气，与事实相反用虚拟语气) It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 (3) as 也可以引导表语从句 Things are not always as they seem to be 3. 宾语从句：及物动词，形容词和介词后加宾语从句作其宾语。 (1) 宾语从句时态与主句一致，但宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象除外 The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun (2) 连词whether和 if可以互换，但注意下列情况 注：连词后紧跟or not；作介词宾语；连接词后直接加不定式；仅能用whether 1）I want to know whether or not they will come. 2）He was interested in whether he saw her there. 3）He doesn’t know whether to stay or not. 如果宾语从句是否定时，一般用if引导 I care if he will not attend the meeting. (3) 当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it +宾补+that-clause,that不可省略 I think it certain that she will do well in her exam. (4) 当主语是I, we ，主句用think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine五个动词时，用否定转移 I don’t think he will win the game, will he? (5) that在宾语从句常可以省略，但由and或 but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，仅可以省略第一个连词that He said (that) he had eaten nothing but that he wasn’t hungry. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. (6)that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。 I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。 We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. 鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。 同位语从句，在句中作某些名词的同位语，对前面的名词进一步说明。用在下列名词 fact,news,idea,hope,believe