[文学]Topic 5 Essentials of Historical Geology Part I.ppt

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a cell nucleus containing the genetic material and organelles (细胞器) such as mitochondria (线粒体) and plastids (质体). In contrast, prokaryotic cells are smaller and not as complex as eukaryotic cells. The world-class Ni-Cu-PGE mineral resources in Sudbury, Canada Simplified geologic map, cross section, and Pt-Cr ore of the Bushveld igneous complex, South Africa Ore from Bushveld Country rock = Wall rock 围岩 Reef = Lode 矿脉 Magnetite 磁铁矿 Chromite 铬铁矿 “世界闻名的麦林斯凯矿层” (Merensky Reef) ① There are six major continents (Gondwana, Laurentia, China, Siberia, Baltica and Kazakhstania) existed at the beginning of the Paleozoic. IV. What happened during the Early Paleozoic Era? All six continents occur at low paleolatitudes. Epeiric seas cover much of continents except Gondwana. ②Animals with skeletons, the so-called Small Shelly Fossils (SSFs), appeared abruptly at the beginning of the Paleozoic Era and experienced a short period (less than 5 Ma) of rapid evolutionary diversification, i.e., the evolutionary “Big Bang” or the Cambrian Explosion represented by the Chengjiang Biota, the Burgess Shale Biota, and the Sirius Passet Biota. The Cambrian Period was a time of many evolutionary innovations during which almost all the major modern invertebrate phyla appeared and evolved. Remarkably, the earliest vertebrates, agnathous (jawless 无颌) fish, emerged from the Early Cambrian in South China, whereas the well-known jawless fish ostracoderms (甲胄鱼) were found in the Upper Cambrian. IV. What happened during the Early Paleozoic Era? The Sinian-Cambrian Boundary Stratotype Section in Meishucun, Jinning, Yunnan 舒德干教授 Examples of Early Cambrian “Small Shelly Fossils” An Ecological Reconstruction of the Chengjiang Biota （澄江生物群生态景观重建） (Designed by Jan Bergstr?m and drawn by Lennart Andersson) * Topic 5. Essentials of Historical Geology (Part I) Compiled by OU Qiang (Updated: 2010) Early Life Evolution Lab, China Univers