[理学]重邮大学物理英文版PPT 13.pptVIP

Waves on a String §2-2 wave speed / phase speed u The speed of a wave is a constant that depends only on the medium. ? and T are related ! Note: the speed of the wave u is different from the vibration velocity of a certain medium element v. The speed of a wave is a constant that depends only on the medium. A) Wave propagating in liquid, gas/ fluid B : bulk elastic modulus ? : the density of the medium B) Wave propagating in solid 1) Transverse wave G : shear elastic modulus 2) longitudinal wave Y : Young modulus §2-3 energy of harmonic waves Mechanical wave: The disturbance is propagating through a medium. disturbance Vibration state phase energy * The net vibration Review Superposition of vibration Chapter 2 Mechanical waves Waves: a disturbance travels away from its source. Water waves, sound waves, radio waves, X-rays … Waves Mechanical Waves The disturbance is propagating through a medium. electromagnetic Waves Do not need a medium Waves Transverse Waves The medium oscillates perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving. Longitudinal Waves Water wave The medium oscillates in the same direction as the wave is moving sound wave Mechanical Waves The propagation of a disturbance in a medium. The conditions all the mechanical waves require: 1) Some source of disturbance 2) A medium that can be disturbed 3) Some physical mechanism through which particles can influence one another. The essence of mechanical waves: The disturbance is transferred through space, but the matter does not. The propagation of the disturbance also means a transfer of energy. 11 §2-1 harmonic waves The characteristic of harmonic waves Every medium element oscillates around the equilibrium position in simple harmonic motion, but the wave propagates away from the source of disturbance. The propagation of simple harmonic motion in space 2)The phase of the particle which oscillates later is smaller. medium disturbance v 18 y(x,t) = A cos(wt –kx) A = amplitude ω =