第三部分chapter23.pptVIP

Figure 23.15 The sequence of the apo-B gene is the same in intestine and liver, but the sequence of the mRNA is modified by a base change that creates a termination codon in intestine. Figure 23.16 Editing of mRNA occurs when a deaminase acts on an adenine in an imperfectly paired RNA duplex region. Figure 23.17 The mRNA for the trypanosome coxII gene has a -1 frameshift relative to the DNA; the correct reading frame is created by the insertion of 4 uridines. Figure 23.18 Part of the mRNA sequence of T. brucei coxIII shows many uridines that are not coded in the DNA (shown in red) or that are removed from the RNA (shown as T). Figure 23.19 Pre-edited RNA base pairs with a guide RNA on both sides of the region to be edited. The guide RNA provides a template for the insertion of uridines. The mRNA produced by the insertions is complementary to the guide RNA. Figure 23.20 The Leishmania genome contains genes coding for pre-edited RNAs interspersed with units that code for the guide RNAs required to generate the correct mRNA sequences. Some genes have multiple guide RNAs. Figure 23.21 Addition or deletion of U residues occurs by cleavage of the RNA, removal or addition of the U, and ligation of the ends. The reactions are catalyzed by a complex of enzymes under the direction of guide RNA. 23.8 Summary Self-splicing is a property of group I introns, found in Tetrahymena and Physarum nuclei, in fungal mitochondria, and in phage T4. Some group I and some group II mitochondrial introns have open reading frames. Catalytic reactions are undertaken by the RNA component of the RNAase P ribonucleoprotein. RNA editing changes the sequence of an RNA after or during its transcription. Additions and deletions (most usually of uridine) occur in trypanosome mitochondria and in paramyxoviruses. 第三十一章?????? 催化功能的RNA 生物化学上曾一度认为只有蛋白质才具有酶的功能。（甚至还有人认为只有蛋白质才能作为遗传物质！）这种观点的一个依据是：只有蛋白质才具有各种各样的三维空间结构以及侧链基团，才有足够的结构柔性去形成催化生化反应的各种活性部位。但是在人们对RNA加工体系的研究过程中，才意识到上述观点是以偏概全的。 现已经知道有多种反应是由RNA催化的。核酶就是指具有催