《LISTENING,SPEAKING AND WRITING》学案1（人教版必修1）高中高一高二高三英语学案英语导学案下载UNIT 1 2 3 4 5每单元完整学案.docVIP

Unit 2《English around the World》 Period Two　Learning about Language 直接引语和间接引语(Ⅱ) 语法规则(祈使句改为间接引语) 1．根据祈使句的语气，如果是强制性的，如军官、警官对下级，老板对雇员等，把say改为order或demand；如是同级之间一般性的语气，则改为tell；如遇客气的请求，则改为ask，但时态均不变。 2．把祈使的对象放在order，demand，tell，ask后面，作其宾语。 3．把祈使句的动词原形改为不定式to do 或not to do，放在宾语后面，并去掉引号。 4. 如祈使句中有代词，要视具体情况作相应的变化，如your→his/her，this→that，总的原则是使所指不变。 5．祈使句改为间接引语后，成了一个简单句子，整个句子结构为：主语＋order/demand/tell/ask＋sb.＋to do/not to do sth.。 “Take off your boots！”the guard said to Hill. →The guard ordered Hill to take off his boots. Mrs.Black said to the students angrily，“Don’t make any noise！” →Mrs.Black ordered the students not to make any noise. Father said to me，“Look after your little sister.” →Father told me to look after my little sister. “Please help me carry this box，”she said to John. →She asked John to help her carry that box. 【拓展】　直接引语若为祈使句(通常表示命令、要求、建议等)，变为间接引语时，常构成简单句型“引述动词ask/tell/order/advise/warn/remind/etc.＋名(代)词宾语＋(not)不定式”。其中，引述动词根据说话者的语气来确定。 “Remember to switch off all the lights，”she said. →She reminded me to switch off all the lights. “Don’t make a mess in the kitchen，”she said to him. →She asked/told/warned him not to make a mess in the kitchen. “You’d better hurry，Bill，”she said. →She advised Bill to hurry. 注意：祈使句句型变化注意事项： （1）直接引语中的称呼语是祈使的对象，改为间接引语时，常作引述动词的宾语。如原句中没有称呼语，通常要加上宾语如me，him，us等。 He said，“Go and tell her，Tom.” →He told Tom (me) to go and tell her. (2)直接引语中如果有表示客气的please或表示强调的助动词do，改为间接引语时须去掉。 He said to me，“Sit down，please.” →He asked me to sit down. (3)表示劝告、指示、命令等的祈使句也可以改为that引导的含有情态动词should的宾语从句。 He said，“Go and see her.” →He said/advised that I should go and see her. (4)let的祈使句改为间接引语时，须根据它们表示的意义而定。 He said，“Let’s go to the cinema.” →He suggested going to the cinema. →He suggested that we go to the cinema. (5)疑问祈使句和带有附加句的祈使句改为间接引语时和一般祈使句一样，改为宾语加不定式短语的结构。 He said，“Will you help me，please？” →He asked me to help him. (6)表示祝愿的祈使句变为间接引语时，必须根据它们的意义而定。 “Heaven helps me！”he said. →He wished that Heaven would help him. 及时反馈 把下列句子改为间接引语 1．“Change your dirty un