MCM一41分子筛配合物催化剂的制备及其性能.doc

MCM一41分子筛配合物催化剂的制备及其性能 摘要 分子筛是包含具有硅铝酸盐这种骨架结构的一类物质，主要由硅铝通过氧桥连接组成空旷的骨架结构，在结构中有很多孔径均匀的孔道和排列整齐、内表面积很大的空穴。此外还含有电价较低而离子半径较大的金属离子和化合态的水。由于水分子在加热后连续地失去，但晶体骨架结构不变，形成了许多大小相同的空腔，空腔又有许多直径相同的微孔相连，这些微小的孔穴直径大小均匀，能把比孔道直径小的分子吸附到孔穴的内部中来，而把比孔道大得分子排斥在外,因而能把形状直径大小不同的分子，极性程度不同的分子，沸点不同的分子，饱和程度不同的分子分离开来，即具有“筛分”分子的作用，故称为分子筛。目前分子筛在冶金，化工，电子，石油化工，天然气等工业中广泛使用。分子筛对某些有机气相反应具有良好的催化作用，分子筛吸湿能力极强,用于气体的纯化处理,保存时应避免直接暴露在空气中。存放时间较长并已经吸湿的分子筛使用前应进行再生。对于介孔材料MCM-41是由美国科学家Kresge等人在20世纪90年代初首次采用液晶模板法合成的一类新型介孔材料。与经典的微孔分子筛相比，该分子筛以其孔道规则、孔径分布窄、极高的比表面积(＞700m~2)以及壁厚、孔径可调、具有较高的化学稳定性和热力学稳定性而受到广泛的关注。本文主要介绍MCM一41分子筛配合物催化剂负载型\羧基钯配合物催化剂的制备及其性能，Heck偶联反应的性能以及反应温度、溶剂和碱试剂等对催化剂性能的影响，和MCM一41介孔分子筛配合物催化剂的几种主要类型和相关性能， 关键词：MCM一41分子筛；配合物；催化剂 ；合成；模板 The MCM a 41 sieve catalyst preparation with their performance ABSTRACT Molecular sieve is containing silicon aluminium salts with this type of material, the framework consists mainly of silicon aluminium composed by oxygen bridge connection open framework, there are a lot of pore structure and uniform aligned concreted complete surface big hole. In addition to containing the price lower and ion radius of metal ions and combination of water. Because the water molecules in heating, but after continuously losing crystal skeleton structure, formed many of the same size as the cavity, and there are many the cavity of the same diameter, pore diameter of these small size uniform, can caities which act than the diameter of small molecule macroscopic to come in, the internal caities which act and the macroscopic bigger than molecular excluded, thus can shape the diameter size of different molecular polarity different degree of molecules, the boiling point of different molecular, saturated degree of different molecular separated, namely screening molecular sieve the so called. Currently in metallurgy, chemical, molecular electronic, chemical, oil and natural gas, is widely used in industry. Contrary to certain organic molecular gas should have good catalysis, molecular sieve hygroscopic skills fo