机械导论大纲.docVIP

第1章：绪论 Engineering is the practical endeavor in which the tools of mathematics and science are applied to develop working and cost-effective solutions to the technical problems facing our society.（工程是数学和自然科学的某种应用,通过这一应用,使社会所面临的技术问题得以高效地解决。） Engineers design many of the consumer products that you use every day and a large number of other products that you do not necessarily see but which are used in business and industrial settings.（工程师既设计我们每天在使用的消费品,也设计我们可能看不到但却应用于商业和工业场合的大量的其它产品。） Engineers also design the machinery that is needed to manufacture those products, the factories that produce them, and the quality control systems that guarantee the products safety and performance.（工程师也设计生产这些产品所需的机器、工厂以及保证产品安全和性能的质量控制系统。） Engineering is generally broken down into five traditional core disciplines. （ 工程通常分成五个传统核心学科。） 工程的分类： Electrical engineers work in such areas as power transmission and distribution, integrated circuit design and production, networks and wireless communications, aviation electronics, and robot control systems.（电气工程师主要在电力传输和分布、集成电路设计和生产，网络和无线通讯、航空电子及机器人控制系统等领域研究或工作。） Materials engineers develop new compositions of matter that are used in applications encompassing semiconductors, lasers, steel and aluminum alloys, and magnetic media in computer hard drives.（材料工程师研发新材料的物质成分，这些材料被应用于半导体、激光、钢、铝合金、和计算机硬盘磁性介质中。） Civil engineers design and construct roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, and water supply systems.（ 土木工程师设计并建造道路、建筑物、机场、隧道、水坝、桥梁及供水系统。） 1 Chemical engineers are responsible for the industrial-scale production of chemicals and for managing the by-products in such fields as petroleum, electronics, and biotechnology.（化学工程师负责工业化规模生产的化学品和石油、电子、生物技术等领域的副产物的生产及管理。） The objective of an engineer is to have built a device that performs a task that couldn‘t previously have been completed, or that could not have been c