Englishhomework-unit3高分子专业外语.pptVIP

* Translation: The polymerization rate may be experimentally followed by measuring the changes in any of several properties of the system such as density, refractive index, viscosity, or light absorption. Density measurements are among the most accurate and sensitive of the techniques. The density increases by 20~25 percent on polymerization for many Monomers. In actual practice the volume of the polymerizing system is measured by carrying out the reaction in a dilalometer. This is specially constructed vessel with a capillary tube which allows a highly accurate measurement of small volume changes. It is not uncommon to be able to detect a few hundredths of a percent polymerization by the dilatometer technique. 聚合速率可以通过实验中对系统几种性能的改变的测试来跟踪获得，例如密度，折射率，粘度或者光吸收率。在这几种技术中密度测试是最精确和最敏感的。对于许多单体的聚合，密度通常会增加百分之20到25. 在实际的操作中，聚合系统的体积可以通过在膨胀计中进行的反应来测量。这是一种经过特殊构造的容器，拥有一个对小体积改变也能高度精确测试的毛细管。通过膨胀计测试技术检测出百分之几聚合度是并不罕见的现象。 Abstract： Step-Growth polymerization proceeds by the reactions between two different functional groups. Depending on The type of monomer employed, step-growth polymerization can fall into two groups, one is the monomers possesses only one type of functional group. The other involves a single monomer containing both types of funcitonal groups. polyesterification, in which esterification reaction occurs between diol and dibasic acid, is a typical example of a step-growth polymerization. Polymerization reation of esterification is in a stepwise fashion. In addition, to achieve high molecular growth, effectively controlling the viscosity in polymerization an an exact stoichiometric balance are necessary. Chinese-english： 聚氯乙烯： polyvinylchloride 烯烃：olefin 溶解：dissolution 溶胀：swell 机理：mechanism 自由基：radical 引发剂：initiator 苯乙烯：styrene 吸收：absorb 氯：chlorine 活化能：activation energy English-chinese： Chain polymerization：连锁聚合反应 Phosgene：光气，碳酰氯 Titanium trichloride：三氯化钛 Metal complex：金属络合物 Propagation： 增长 Disproportionation： 歧化 Polyvinyl alcohol：聚乙烯醇