数控机床的发展与趋势(论文).doc

摘 要 ?数控机床集计算机技术，电子技术，自动控制技术，传感测量，机械制造，是典型的机电一体化产品。它的发展和应用开创了制造业的新时代，改变了制造业的生产方式，产业结构，管理方式，使世界制造业的格局发生了巨大的变化。?本文主要讲述了数控机床国内外的发展概况，现代数控技术的发展趋势。介绍了数控机床的特点，组成与分类，并介绍了可编程控制器（PLC）在数控机床中的应用。重点介绍了磨床的概况，以及现代数控磨床的特点，并用PLC进行了对自动磨床电气系统的改造。?本文在编写过程中，参阅了同行的教材，资料和文献，得到了许多帮助，在此谨致谢意。 发展 趋势 组成 分类 概述 结构 功能 PLC 改造Abstract ?The numerical control engine bed collection computer technology, the electronic technology, the automatic control technology, the sensing survey, the machine manufacture, is the typical integration of machinery product. It’s development and the application founded the manufacturing industry new times, changed the manufacturing industry production method, the industrial structure, manages the way, caused the world manufacturing industry the pattern to have changed. ?This article mainly narrated the numerical control engine bed domestic and foreign development survey, the modern numerical control technology trend of development. Introduced the numerical control engine bed characteristic, the composition and the classification, and introduced programmable controller (PLC) in the numerical control engine bed application. Introduced with emphasis the grinder survey, as well as the modern numerical control grinder characteristic, and has carried on with PLC to the automatic grinder electrical system transformation. ?This article in the compilation process, has referred colleagues teaching material, the material and the literature, obtained many help, respectfully offers thanks in this. ?Key word: Trend of development Textural Classification Outline Structure Function PLC Transformation. 1国产数控机床的发展现状 1.1国产数控机床与国际先进水平差距逐渐缩小 数控机床是当代机械制造业的主流装备，国产数控机床的发展经历了30年跌宕起伏，已经由成长期进入了成熟期，可提供市场1,500种数控机床，覆盖超重型机床、高精度机床、特种加工机床、锻压设备、前沿高技术机床等领域，产品种类可与日、德、意、美等国并驾齐驱。特别是在五轴联动数控机床、数控超重型机床、立式卧式加工中心、数控车床、数控齿轮加工机床领域部分技术已经达到世界先进水平。其中，五轴(坐标)联动数控机床是数控机床技术的制高点标志之一。它集计算机控制、高性能伺服驱动和精密加工技术于一体，应用于复杂曲面的高效、精密、自动化加工，是发电、船舶、航天航空、模具、高精密仪器等民用工业和军工部门迫切需要的关键加工设备。五轴联动数控机床的应用，其加工效率相当于2 台三轴机床，甚