3美国文化之美国独立革命 PowerPoint 演示文稿.ppt

Chapter Three: American Independent Revolution Ⅰ.The sharpening contradictions between British Parliament and American colonies before the war Ⅱ.Process of American Independent Revolution Ⅲ.causes of the British failure  Hundred Years’ War from 1337 to 1453. Second Hundred Years’ War from 1689 to 1815 such as the Seven Years’ War (1756 to 1763) and the Napoleonic War (1803 to 1815). Peace Treaty of Paris in 1763 “First World War” ----Winston Churchill France ceded New France except for the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon to Great Britain Spain lost control of Florida to Great Britain France ceded New Orleans and the Louisiana Territory west of the Mississippi River to Spain. unexpected results of the war George Washington cooperation and unity of the colonies to double the territories of the colonies in North America The war had plunged the British government deep into debt (￡140 m), and so Parliament enacted a series of measures to increase tax revenue from the colonies. Ⅰ. The sharpening contradictions Navigation acts Royal Proclamation of 1763 Sugar act Currency act Stamp act Quartering act Sons and daughters of liberty Townshend act Boston massacre Tea Act Boston tea party Intolerable acts navigation acts (1651/1660/1661/1663/1733/1763) English trade should be carried in English vessels All European goods bound for America to be shipped through England or Wales first. In England, the goods would be unloaded, inspected, paid duties, and reloaded. The trade had to be carried in English vessels. Exports of enumerated commodities (such as sugar, rice, and tobacco) had to be landed and pay tax before going on to other countries. This increased the cost to the colonies, and increased the shipping time. severely limiting the ability of Dutch ships to participate in the carrying trade This encouraged the expansion of the English merchant fleet. the growth of London as a major financi