Congestion Control and Traffic Management in High Speed Networks[在高速网络的拥塞控制和流量管理](PPT-115).ppt

Congestion Controland Traffic Management in High Speed Networks Carey Williamson Introduction The goal of congestion control is to regulate traffic flow in the network in order to avoid saturating or overloading intermediate nodes in the network Congestion: Effects Congestion is undesirable because it can cause: Increased delay, due to queueing within the network Packet loss, due to buffer overflow Reduced throughput, due to packet loss and retransmission Analogy: “rush hour” traffic Congestion: Causes The basic cause of congestion is that the input traffic demands exceed the capacity of the network In typical packet switching networks, this can occur quite easily when: - output links are slower than inputs - multiple traffic sources competing for same output link at the same time Buffering: A Solution? Buffering in switches can help alleviate short term or transient congestion problems, but... Under sustained overload, buffers will still fill up, and packets will be lost only defers the congestion problem More buffers means more queuing delay beyond a certain point, more buffering makes the congestion problem worse, because of increased delay and retransmission Motivation The congestion control problem is even more acute in high speed networks Faster link speeds mean that congestion can happen faster than before e.g., 64 kilobyte buffer @ 64 kbps: 8.2 seconds @ 10 Mbps: 52 milliseconds @ 1 Gbps: 0.52 milliseconds Motivation (Cont’d) Buffer requirements increase with link speeds e.g., to store 1 second worth of traffic @ 64 kbps: 8 kilobytes @ 10 Mbps: 1.25 Mbytes @ 1 Gbps: 125 Mbytes Motivation (Cont’d) Heterogeneity of link speeds - just because you add new high speed links to a network doesn’t mean that the old low speed links go away - interconnecting high speed and lower speed networks creates congestion problems at the point of interconnect Motivation (Cont’d) Traffic is burs