英语翻译课件翻译的定义、历史、标准、策略、过程.ppt

WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF TRANSLATION Unit 1 General Principles Begin by a story: Tower of Babel 《越人歌》 “山有木兮木有枝，心悦君兮君不知” 教学目标 翻 译的定义 翻 译的历史 翻 译的标准 翻 译的策略 翻 译的过程 1. What is translation 到底什么是翻译？这是翻译理论家和翻译实践者都无法回避的问题。其实，人们对翻译并不陌生，因为它时刻都会发生。比如，一个不懂粤语的东北人和一个广东人交谈时出现了语言交流的障碍，这时有一个既懂东北话又懂粤语的人帮助他们进行解释和沟通，那么这个（既懂东北话又懂粤语的）人所做的工作其实就是翻译。翻译的涵盖面很广，除了方言之间转换，还有将古汉语用白话文来解释，将汉语意思用少数民族的语言来表达等都属于广义的翻译范畴。由此可见，你我在日常生活中经常扮演翻译的角色。 Translation is a science. Translation is an art. Translation is a craft. Translation is a skill. Translation is an operation. Translation is a language activity. Translation is a communication. 2. History of Translation in China 1) 佛经翻译时期 2）明朝后期：传教士 3）中国近代翻译史：“五四”运动是分水岭 4）繁荣阶段：新中国的成立 Criteria and Principles of Translation 翻译的标准之争由来已久，“文质之争”、“直译意译之争”、“归化异化之争”，不一而足 A. Yan Fu’s (严复) “three character guide”, which was first proposed in 1898, is the principle of “faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance” (信、达、雅). “译事三难：信、达、雅” B. Some revisions such as faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness (信、达、切)，刘重德 ; C. Fu Lei’s (傅雷) spiritual conformity （神似) D. Qian Zhongshu (钱钟书)’s sublimed（升华了的） adaptation (化境) E. 鲁迅：一当然力求其易解,一则保存原作的丰姿。反对牛头不对马嘴，提出“宁信而不顺”之原则。 翻译有“标准”, 却又没有标准; 仁者见仁, 智者见智 Process of Translation A. Preparation: basic knowledge about both languages as well as the background knowledge; basic skills in translation are necessary; B. Comprehension: understanding accurately the meaning of the source language; C. Expression: try to express the meaning in idiomatic Chinese; D. Revision: (proofread) check again and again to polish the language. Literal translation and free translation “所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式——特别是指明保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。但直译不是死译或硬译。”（张培基等1980：13） Literal translation and free translation a. Hitler was armed to the teeth when he launched the Second World War. b. People ridicule poverty but not prostitute. 笑贫不笑娼 The girl is a dead shot. 这位姑娘是神枪手。（不能译作“