10-11语言学第二学期很牛.doc

河南财经政法大学 2010——2011学年第二学期期末考试 语言学试题（考查课） 级别： 班级： 姓名： 分数：What are the main concerns of general linguistics? Answer: It is a scientific study of language. It is bound to be an academically and economically favored pursuit and also a subject of theoretical importance. It includes Macrolinguistics, Psycholinguistics, Sociolinguistics and Computational Linguistics, The following are the main branches of linguistics. Phonetics studies the speech sounds, including the production of the speech. Phonology studies the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech and the shape of syllables. Morphology is concerned with the internal organizing of words. It studies the minimal units of meaning –morphemes and word-formation. Syntax is about principles of firming and understanding correct English sentence the form or structure of a sentence is governed by the rules of syntax. Semantics studies how meaning is encoded in a language. Pragmatics is the study of meaning in context What are the similarities and differences between Saussure’s distinction of ‘Langue vs. Parole’ and Chomsky’s distinction of ‘Competence vs. Performance’? Answer: Similarities: They all divided the linguistics from the linguistics competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics. Differences：Saussure distinguished it as Langue and Parole and he emphasized actual data, while Chomsky call them Competence and Performance and stress the actual use of language. Saussure thought that If remembering all the sum of word images, people could indentify the social bond that constitutes language. But Chomsky said that people can use the language without observing all the language rules. Examine the following two statements about language, and discuss the similarities and differences between them. Do you agree with the two statements? Explain your answer Sapir (1921: language): ‘Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicatin