初中形容词构词法.ppt

形容词构词法 1 形容词后缀 --N+ -ful (full of, having the qualities of) careful /cheerful /colorful /beautiful /grateful/ helpful/hopeful/successful/peaceful/useful… --N+ -less(without, not doing) careless/ hopeless/homeless/useless/fearless/ worthless 2 N.+ -ous (having the nature of) dangerous/ famous/mountainous N.+ -y(having the quality of) dirty/ funny/ sunny/windy/healthy/rainy N+ -en/-ern(made of , to become) golden/ wooden/western/sourthern N+ -ly (having the quality of/ at intervals of) happily/brotherly/friendly/weekly/daily N + -ish(having the nature of/from the country mentioned) selfish/foolish/British 3 N/V + -able(that is able to/having the nature of) acceptable/changeable/readable/agreeable/comfortable/honourable/ V+ -ing(表示人或事物本身具有的特点) amusing/boring/loving/charming/exciting/interesting/moving/tiring V + -ed（表示人的感受，通常有被动或已完成的含义） amused/excited/frightened/interested/surprised/satisfied/tired/retired/experienced 4 构成反义形容词的前缀 un-/um-/in-/ir-/il- unhappy/uncomfortable/unforgettable/ unlucky/untrue/unable/unexpected/ impossible/impolite/ incorrect/ irregular/ illogical 5 形容词转换为副词 –ly 本身就是副词 here, there ,then ,now ,soon … recently ,really ,quickly ,… ★注意由 e, y结尾的单词 simple-simply, gentle-gently, true-truly, horrible-horribly, probable-probably, easy-easily, happy-happily ,heavy-heavily, noisy-noisily ,hungry-hungrily ☆shy-shyly 6 形容词副词同形 fast He is a fast worker. He runs fast. hard It’s hard to please everyone. He studies hard. late He is always late. You have come too late. early I look forward to an early reply. He goes to school early every day. 7 high It is a high mountain. He jumps high. straight The road is straight. The plane flies straight to new York from Beijing. wide It is a wide road. He opened the door wide. 8 特殊情况 某些形容词和副词同行的词后面加-ly之后，词义发生变化。 hard 努力 难 硬 He studies hard. hardly 几乎不 He hardly studies. high 高的 This is a high building. highly 高度的 非常的 I have always thought highly of him. late 晚 迟 He came back late last night. lately 近来 I