动词不定式精讲精练.doc

动词不定式精讲精练 一 不定式的体 1. 不定式的一般式(to do)表示不定式的.动作将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生. He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.　我希望再见到你。2 不定式的进行体(to be doing)表示不定式的动作正在发生. Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.　He seems to have caught a cold.不定式的完成体(to have done)表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生.He is well known to have invented the steam engine. 二 不定式的逻辑主语 1 不定式的逻辑主语常不出现在句中. 2 句子的主语,宾语有时是不定式的逻辑主语. 3 不定式前for+名词/代词结构中的名词或代词也可以用来表示不定式的;逻辑主语. 4 在It+be+形容词+of+名词/代词+to do结构中,名词或代词为不定式的逻辑主语.该结构中的形容词通常用来表示人的品质.例如:kind, good, nice, bad, cruel, honest, bold, thoughtful, right, wrong, wise, clever, silly, foolish, careless, rude等. 例如:Its very kind of you to cal to tell me about the conference. 三 不定式的否定式 不定式否定式由not/never +to do构成 四 不定式的句法功能 1 不定式做主语 1)To say something is one thing; to do it is another. 2)It is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earths plates join together. 注:充当主语的不定式即可置于句首,位于谓语动词之前,也可作为句子的真正主语置于句末,用作形式主语. 2 不定式作表语 3)Her uncle seems to be acting rather strangely towards her these days. 4)The purpose of the fence is to keep out a type of wild dog called a Dingo. 5)One suggested answer is for farmers to limit the number of their cattle. 注:充当表语的不定式一般位于be ,seem等系动词后. 3 不定式作宾语 6)Shylock agreed to lend Antonio money on one condition. 注:充当宾语的不定式位于及物动词后.常用不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, plan, determine, dare, refuse, hope, wish, expect, promise, choose, pretend, decide, manage, intend, offer, afford, demand. 7)The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space. 注:充当宾语的不定式如果有自己的表语,则可用代替只个不定式作为形式宾语,而作为真正宾语的不定式则放在表语之后.以it作为形式宾语的这种结构常用在think, feel, find, make, consider等动词之后. big and strong. 4 不定式作宾语补足语 8)The powder made from fish, blood and bones will make the cabbage plants grow big and strong. 9)Portia told Bassanio to go to his friend at once. 注:在下列动词后作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to.这些动词是observe, notice, see, hear, watch, have, feel, make, let.但上述动词转换为被动语态时,其后的不定式须带to.例如:The cabbage plants will be made to grow。5．不定式作状语