英语词汇学考试重点整理.doc

Explain the following terms 一 1) free morpheme /A free morpheme is one that can be uttered发出，表达 alone with meaning. It can exist on its own without a bound morpheme. In the traditional sense, a free morpheme is a word. 例如hand ,eat, get 2) bound form /never used as sentences. – ess in countess, lioness and duchess – ish in boyish, childish and greenish – s in hats, books and cups 3) function words/ function words are often short words, they do not have much lexical meaning and some of them have no lexical meaning of their own; They are often short words such as determiners限定词 , conjunctions连词 , prepositions介词 , auxiliaries辅助物 , and so forth. 如 to, the , of , by 4) content words实词/ They are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. They are the nouns, main verbs, adjectives形容词 and adverbs副词 of a language. 二 1) synthetic综合的language / inflectional grammatical markers, French, German and Russian. 2) analytic language /word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs , English and Chinese 3) Indo-European family of languages/ Europe and parts of Southern Asia Eight groups 三1) morphemes /The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible可分的 or analyzable into smaller forms. 2) allomorphs/variants变体 of the same morphem如im-, ir-, il- : allomorphs of the morpheme in- 3) root / is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. workable, worker, worked, and working 4) stem /A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. Inflectional (but not derivational) affixes are added to it. It is the part of word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. 如undesirables, undesirable; desired, desire 5) base / A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. Desirable, desire - base and root, not stem; undesirable, desirable-base, not root and stem 6