高等数学对中学数学教学的指导作用.docVIP

高等数学对中学数学教学的指导作用 摘要：随着新课程改革的不断进步，中学数学中所涉及的高等数学的知识在高考中所占的比重越来越大，所以，作为一名中学教师，必须认真学习高等数学，用更高的数学知识武装自己，才能更加深刻地理解中学数学教材．这也是提高中学数学教学质量、实施素质教育的条件之一．指导学生学习高等数学与中学数学之间的内在联系，并将高等数学的思想方法渗透到中学数学中去是有重要的现实意义的．本文主论述的高等数学中的方法有微积分法、极限思想方法、概率与统计方法，并以大量详实的中学数学的范例为依据，尤其是近几年来的高考试题，充分说明了高等数学在解决中学数学的相关问题上具有的指导作用． 关键词：高等数学；中学数学；数学思想；数学方法 A Guide of Advanced Mathematics to High School Mathematics Teaching Abstract: With the reform of new course, the knowledge of advanced mathematics in high school mathematics covers larger and larger percentage in College Entrance Examination, so, being a mathematics teacher in high school, we must learn advanced mathematics hard in order to equip ourselves with more advanced knowledge in mathematics and understand high school mathematical books. This is also one of the conditions to improve the teaching quality of high school mathematics and imply the Quality Education. It is of great significance to guide the students to learn the internal relation between advanced mathematics and high school mathematics, and to permeate the high school mathematics with the thought of advanced mathematics. This paper mainly discusses the following methods in advanced mathematics: calculus method, extreme limit though method, probabilistic method, mathematics modeling method, with lots of detailed examples in high school mathematics teaching, which are mainly examples from College Entrance Examination in recent years, those examples prove that advanced mathematics are a good guide in solving related problems of high school mathematics. Key words: advanced mathematics; high school; mathematical thought; mathematical method 1 引言 随着中学教材的改革和创新，中学数学的内容也在不断变化和发展，与原有中学数学教材相比，新教材在编写思想和内容选择等发面，有了很大的进步．新编高中教材更新了内容，删减了传统初等数学中部分较难的内容，新增了向量、简易逻辑、概率统计、极限和微积分初步等知识；与此同时，随着全国中学生数学竞赛和国际数学奥林匹克（IMO）竞赛水平的不断提高，高等数学的思想和方法越来越普遍和深入地应用于中学数学中．提高学生的综合素质，数学思想方法是教学的核心，实施素质教育必须加强数学思想方法的教学，对数学思想方法的研究，特别是对高等数学思想方法在中学数学教学中作用的研究就显得尤为重要和迫切． 2 中学数学与高等数学的关系 2．1 中学数学与高等数学的概念界定 2．1．1 中学数学 中学时代所学的数学基本上是17世纪