外文翻译 RFID简介 中英文.docVIP

附录A：引用的外文文献及其译文 The introduction of RFID RFID is an area of automatic identification that is gaining momentum and is considered by some to emerge as one of the most pervasive computing technologies in history. In its simplest form, RFID is a similar concept to bar coding. It is seen as a means of enhancing data processes and is complementary to existing technologies. It is a proven technology that has been in use since the 1970s. A more complex description is an electromagnetic proximity identification and data transaction system. Using “RFID tags” on objects or assets, and “readers” to gather the tag information, RFID represents an improvement over bar codes in terms of non-optical proximity communication, information density, and two-way communication ability. Operational RFID systems involve tags and readers interacting with objects (assets) and database systems to provide an information and/or operational function. RFID is used for a wide variety of applications ranging from the familiar building access control proximity cards to supply chain tracking, toll collection, vehicle parking access control, retail stock management, ski lift access, tracking library books, theft prevention, vehicle immobilizer systems and railway rolling stock identification and movement tracking. While RFID systems can yield great productivity gains, they also expose new threats to the security and privacy of individuals and organizations. One of the earliest papers exploring RFID is a landmark paper by Harry Stockman “Communication by Means of Reflected Power” published in 1948. This came on the heels of the radar and radio research undertaken during the Second World War. There are also several technologies related to RFID, such as long range transponder systems of IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) systems for aircraft. It was, however, 30 years before technology caught up with theory, for example, the development of the integrated circuit, the microprocessor and changing business pr