会聚透镜Opticalinstrumentslikecameras-华译网翻译公司.PDFVIP

翻译样稿 北京华译网翻译公司 Converging Lenses 会聚透镜 Optical instruments like cameras, projectors, microscopes, binoculars, telescopes etc. have drastically widened our view of the world. Eyeglasses allow millions of people to read and see in comfort. Have you ever wondered which optical component makes all this possible? It is simply a lens! A lens is a piece of a transparent material bound by two surfaces of which at least one is curved. 光学仪器（如照相机、投影器、显微镜、双眼望远镜、望远镜等）极大地拓宽了我们观察世界 的视野。眼镜使数以万计的人可以舒适的阅读或看事物。你有没有想过是哪一种光学元件使这一切 成为可能？答案是一个简单的透镜。透镜是一块由两个面组成的并且其中至少一个是曲面的透明材 料。 A lens bound by two spherical surfaces, bulging outwards, is called a biconvex or simply a convex lens. It is thicker in the middle than near the edges. A lens bound by two spherical surfaces, curved inwards, is called a biconcave or simply a concave lens. It is thinner in the middle than at the edges. Let us understand certain terms related to these lenses. 拥有两个向外突出的球面的透镜被称为双凸透镜或凸透镜。这种透镜的边缘较中间薄。拥有两 个向内弯曲的球面的透镜被称为双凹透镜或凹透镜。这种透镜的边缘比中间厚。让我们了解一下一 些与透镜相关的术语。 The central point of a lens is called its optical centre. It is usually represented by the letter O. 透镜的中心被称为其光学中心。通常由字母O表示。 For these lenses, convex or concave, each surface forms a part of a sphere. The straight line passing through the optical centre and the centres of these spheres is called the principal axis of the lens. Principal axis is perpendicular to the surfaces of the lens. The effective diameter of a spherical lens is called its aperture. It determines the amount of light that passes through the lens. Here, we shall confine our discussion to thin lenses whose aperture is much less than its radius of curvature. 对于凹透镜和凸透镜，每个表面形成球形的一部分。通过光学中心并通过球面中心的直线被称 为透镜的主轴。主轴与透镜的表面垂直。球面透镜的有效直径被称为透镜的孔径。他决定了能有多 少光线穿过透镜。在这里，我们需要限制对薄镜片的讨论，因为薄镜片的孔径较其曲率半径小。 Let us understand the basics of refraction of light throu