基于单片机的电热水器电路设计.doc

摘 要 本文设计的控制器采用AT89S52单片机作为控制核心，将PID算法和PWM脉宽调制技术相结合，通过控制继电器的通断实现热水器的恒温控制。该系统能根据设定的温度，实现温度的自动采集和控制，解决了传统的电热水器用冷热水闸门调节温度出现的温度不易调节的缺点。首先介绍了系统的总体组成，然后分硬件与软件两部分进行阐述，硬件中先描述了整体结构和各模块的相互关系。对于较新的可编程芯片又进一步介绍了其内部结构及外部特征。软件部分阐述了PID控制算法，然后说明PID控制在本系统中的应用，之后给出程序流程说明PID控制在该系统中实现，最后对本系统进行了总结, 本文介绍了PID控制技术的发展历史和研究进展。分析了传统的模拟和数字PID控制算法，并对传统的PID控制算法进行微分项和积分项的改进，学习了几种比较普遍运用的方法，如不完全微分PID控制算法、微分先行、遇限消弱积分PID控制算法等。 本软件采用模块化设计，在主程序模块下分成若干彼此独立的分模块，包括主控模块，温度模块，显示模块等，并且通过单片机将各个模块连接起来，形成一个完整的整体。本系统可以实现对热水器水温的实时控制，程序的可移植性强，有很好的推广、应用价值。 关键词： AT89C52单片机；PID控制；DS18B20温度传感器；温度测量 Abstract The controller which takes the AT89S52 as the control core is designed in the paper；it combines the arithmetic and PWM impulse width modulate，and realizes the constant temperature control of water heater through control the on-off of relay switch?．The system can achieve the temperature of automatic collection and contro1 according to the enactment temperature．It resolves that the traditional water heater using the cold-hot water gate to control the temperature bring the problem of temperature no-easy adjust．This text introduces firstly the overall composition of the system．and then describes its two parts of hardware and software．The interactions between whole structure and every module are described in the hardware．For the newer programmable chips．their internal structures and external characteristics are introduced further．The part of software explains PID control algorithm and illustrates the application of PID control in this system．The procedure flow is provided to show the realization of PID control in this system．Finally the summary of this system is given。In this paper, we will introduce the development history and the research progress of PID control technology，analysis the traditional analog and digital PID control algorithm. and improve the differential and integral of traditional PID control algorithm. Learn several methods we used commom. Such as not fully differential PID control algorithm, first diff