客家童谣的文化特质.PDF

26 100 3 199-228 Yu Da Academic Journal Vol.26, March 2011, pp. 199-228. 客家童謠的文化特質 曾瑞媛 摘要 客家童謠是民間產物 ，具有保存客家文化 ，反映客家風情的功用。童謠不論是 句式或字數都短小的多，在表達意思上不如山歌來的明顯而完整 ，這可能和小孩 子的思想、用語有關。即使如此 ，在字裡行間，我們依然能發現它與客家文化 、 語言等有關的蛛絲馬跡 。 客家童謠在語言方面，可以找到古漢語的語音、語彙和語法 ；在物質方面，呈 現客家人的飲食習性、衣服被飾 、居處建築、謀生方式四方面的特色。從物質文 化的觀點來看 ，客家人雖然先天居住環境不佳 ，但是善於利用環境 ，以及勤勞節 儉個性 ，終使生活得以改善 ，獲得溫飽 。在精神方面，從婚姻觀念、重男輕女、 歲時習俗 、宗教信仰 、客家精神等方向去感受 ，主要是表現客家人的獨特意識和 風格 。 透過客家童謠 ，讓我們對於認識客家文化的特質有更深刻的體認 。 關鍵字：客家童謠、客家文化、客家精神 * - 199 - 育達科大學報 ．第26 期 ．民國100 年3 月 The Culture Traits of Hakka Children’s Rhymes Jui-Yuan Tseng * Abstract Hakka children’s rhymes were produced by ordinary people. They preserved Hakka culture and reflect Hakka custom. Otherwise, children’s rhymes have shorter sentences and lyrics than mountain songs. What’s more, the meaning of children’s rhymes are more incomplete that mountain songs. It could be related to children’s thought and terms. Even so, we can still locate Hakka children’s rhymes have some- thing to do with Hakka culture and language. In language, voice, vocabulary and grammar of ancient Chinese can be found. In material, it shows Hakka people’s diet, clothing and quilts, buildings and liveli- hoods. In the viewpoint of material culture, even though Hakka people didn’t have good living environment, they were good at making the best use of their environment as well as develop their diligence and thriftiness. Therefore, they improve their living. In spirits, we can view this aspect through their marriage