[医药卫生]4lipids.ppt

 Lipids 1.What is a Fat? A fat, or Lipid - is made up of a molecule of glycerol in which one or more of its three original hydroxyl groups have been replaced by fatty acid chains. triglycerides phospholipids sterols Triglycerides The three hydroxyl groups of the glycerol molecule can each combine with a laity（外类的） acid molecule and the resulting ester is called a triglyceride. Phospholipids Phospholipids are similar to fats in that they have a structure based on glycerol but instead of the three hydroxyl groups being combined with a fatty acid， only two are so combined，the third being combined with phosphate linked to choline． Lecithin(卵磷脂) is the best known example of a phospholipid. It is synthesized by both plants and animals, and is found in foods such as egg yolk and soybeans. Function of phopholipids Lecithin is a source of choline, a compound required for fat transport and sometimes listed as one of B-complex vitamins. Affect the synthesis of neurotransmitters (such as serotonin (复合胺), acetylcholine, dopamine(多巴胺) and norepinephrine（去甲肾上腺素) in brain。 Are important components of membrane structure. Sterols Sterols can be synthesized by plants and animals, are called as phyto-sterols (ergosterol 麦角固醇and sitosterol谷固醇) and cholesterol individually. Cholesterol is an essential constituent of the cell membrane of every cell. But if it is excessive, it will cause vascular diseases. Phyto-sterols are thought to decrease the absorption of cholesterol. Saturated - no double bonds, e.g. acetic acid CH3COOH (vinegar), lard. Unsaturated Monounsaturated-one double bond Polyunsaturated- two or more double bonds 2. The type of Fatty Acids(2)--- According to length of carbon chain Short chain fatty acids: less than 6 carbon chain. Medium chain fatty acids: 8-12 carbon chain. Long chain fatty acids: more than 14 carbon chain. 2. The type of Fatty Acids(3)--- According to double bond configuration The distinction that is drawn between cis