[农学]挑战杯.docVIP

摘要 蔬菜嫁接技术是提高植株抗土传病害的能力、提高植株抗逆性、提高产量的有效途径。蔬菜自动嫁接技术是基于嫁接理论的一种集机械、自动控制与设施园艺技术与一体的高新技术，它对实现蔬菜生产的规模化、集约化、现代化和专业化意义重大。 本文针对浙江省蔬菜种植面积大，机械化作业程度和装备水平低这一现状，在国内外研究现状和发展趋势的基础上，设计了一套结构简单、自动化程度较高、操作方便、成本低廉的蔬菜自动嫁接机。 论文以西瓜为对象，对比西瓜各种嫁接方法，结合断根嫁接的优势，选择了西瓜的断根直插嫁接法。并对培育的嫁接苗进行了尺寸和力学性能的测定，经实验发现，砧木的平 均株高为70.88mm，平均茎粗2.58mm; 接穗平均株高35.41mm，平均茎粗1.98mm。在不损伤嫁接苗（即苗茎的变形量在20%以内）、夹持速度为5mm/min的前提下，得到砧木的承受力为2.12N，接穗的承受力为1.61N，这些数据为机构尺寸的设计提供了依据。该嫁接机包括自动嫁接装置和自动上苗装置。自动嫁接装置主要负责砧木夹持、子叶平展、砧木插孔、砧木切削、接穗夹持、接穗切削、砧木和接穗的接合等工作，该部分机构以气动方式驱动，并在结构上添加了微调机构，机构适应性更强。自动上苗装置主要负责将苗从穴盘中取出并送到嫁接装置进行嫁接，本课题设计了一种2-PPa并联机构，并在工作空间内对该机构的尺度进行了优化，对精度进行了分析。经过计算得出末端执行器最大误差为0.12mm，保证了上苗的准确性。 该机器的控制系统采用了三菱的FX系列PLC，并用GX-Developer进行编程。试验表明，该机运行可靠、操作方便、整体兼容性好，嫁接速度可以达到548株/小时，成功率90%以上，完全能满足设计的需要。 关键词：自动嫁接；直插法；断根；可编程控制器 The research of direct insert type automatic grafting machine for vegetables Abstract The technology of vegetable grafting can strengthen the resistance to disease from soil, increase the stress resistance, and increase the production. The automatic grafting based on grafting is a advanced technology with machinery，automatic control and gardening. It is of great significance to scale, intensive, modernization, specialization of vegetables production. According to the fact of the large planting area for vegetable and the low level of mechanization and device of Zhejiang province, an automatic grafting robot was designed. It had the advantage of simple structure, high automation, convenient operation and low costs. The size and the mechanical properties of the grafted seedlings were measured. An conclusion is got after testing, that the average plant height of rootstocks is 70.88mm, the average stem crude is 2.58mm; the average plant height of scion is 35.41mm, the average stem crude is 1.98mm. Under the premise of not injuring the grafted seedlings (the deformation of the seedling stem is under 20%) and the clamping speed is 5mm/min, the minimum endurance of rootstocks is 2.12N, and 1.61N of scion. The data is the basement o