[工学]建筑环境学chapter41-2 thermal comfortable 10.ppt

Chapter 2 Principles of Heat this chapter describes: 2.1 Nature of heat, its measurement and its effect 热的性质、量度和作用 2.2 Heat transfer 热传递 2.3 Gases and vapours, and their effects 气体和水蒸气，及其作用 2.4 Refrigerators and heat pumps 制冷机及热泵 2.1 Nature of heat 热的性质 2.1.1 Heat energy 热能 Heat (H or Q) is a form of energy 热是能量的一种形式 The joule is the standard SI unit of energy used for measuring any other form of energy. Other units of energy still found in use include the following units. Unit: calorie, where 1 cal 4.187 J kilowatt hour, where 1kwh=3.6MJ British Thermal Unit, where 1BTU=1.055kJ 英制热量单位 Some of the more common types of thermometers are described below: Mercury-in-glass thermometer 玻璃水银温度计 Alcohol-in-glass thermometer玻璃酒精温度计 Thermoelectric thermometer 热电温度计 Resistance thermometer 电阻温度计 Optical pyrometer 光学高温计 Thermoelectric thermometer 热电温度计 Use the electric current generated in a thermocouple,热电偶which is made by joining two different metals such as iron and constantan alloy铁-康铜合金. The current quickly varies with temperature and can be incorporated in remote or automatic control systems Resistance thermometer 电阻温度计 Use the change in electrical resistance which occurs when a metal changes temperature. Pure platinum is commonly used and the changes in its resistance can be measured very accurately by including the thermometer in an electrical circuit 电路 Optical pyrometer 光学高温计 Measure high temperature by examining the brightness and colour of the light emitted from objects at high temperatures. The light varies with temperature and is compared with a light from a filament 灯丝 at a known temperature. 2.1 Nature of heat, its measurement and its effect  热的性质、量度和作用 Heat energy Power Temperature Thermometers Temperature scale Heat capacity density A liquid may change to a gas with heating being supplied. without heating being supplied, A liquid may change to a gas ?? Evaporation