追求卓越，挑战极限， 从绝望中寻找希望，人生终将.pptVIP

3.地点和时间以外的意义范围:(原因/目的系列；手段/施动者系列） 原因/目的系列 原因：She lost her job because of her age. 理由：He was fined for drunken driving. 动机：He did it out of kindness. 目的：Everyone ran for shelter. 目的地：I’m leaving for Beijing. 目标：This novel is aimed at a young audience. 手段/施动者系列 方式：She performed the operation with great skill. 手段：They left by plane. 工具：She tried to open the lock with a knife. 施动者：They were noticed by no one. 刺激：I’m astonished at your reaction. * 1)原因/目的系列 (1)原因/理由/动机：because of ; on account of ; for; through; from; We have to drive slowly because of the heavy rain. On account of his wide experience, he was made chairman. The survivors were weak from exposure and lack of food. Some support charities out of duty, some out of a sense of guilt. I hid the money, for fear of what my parents would say. The plane was destroyed through the pilot’s carelessness. * A) on account of;表示理由或原因，是because of 的正式语体中的替代形式。 B) out of和for主要限于表达动机---心里因素：out of gratitude/kindness C) for出现在相对来说数量较小的词组中：for fear/ love/ joy/ sorrow (2)目的/目的地：for/to He’ll do anything for money. [in order to gain money] Everyone ran for shelter. [in order to reach shelter] A) for表示预定目的地时，与run, start, head, leave, set out等动词连用。 He set out for London. * B)用to短语表示假设将会到达的目的地。 He went to London. He left for London. Is this the train to London? Is this the train for London? (3)接受者/目的/目标 for/ to/ at A)当for的后面接表示人或动物的名词短语时，多半带有“预定接受者”的意味 He laid a trap for his enemies. She made a beautiful doll for her daughter. He cooked a dinner for her. 这种预定接受者常常相当于一个间接宾语。 She made her daughter a beautiful doll. He cooked her a dinner. * B) to在句子中表示“实际接受者”。 She gave a beautiful doll to her daughter. I gave the book to my friend. ~ I gave my friend the book. I lent the book to my friend. ~ I lent my friend the book. C)在aim at/ shoot at/ kic