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名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 1. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, why连接词有时候可以省略，但介词后的连接词和引导主语从句和同位语从句的连接词不可省略，如： That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.2. 名词性that-从句 1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。 2. 名词性wh-从句 1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补足语和间接宾语等，例如：间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。 3. if, whether引导的名词从句从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，所以也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同，“if, whether”不充当从句的任何成分。不同于yes-no型疑问句从句的是，选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成，例如：I dont care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。 比较：whether与if 均为“是否”的意思，一般可以互换，但在下列情况下，whether不能被if 取代： （1） whether引导主语从句并在句首 （2） 引导表语从句  （3） whether从句作介词宾语 （4） 从句后有or not ，如：Whether he will come is not clear. Exercises Directions：Translate the following setences into English by