原子核的四面体对称性-物理杂志.PDFVIP

奇异原子核的形态与结构专题 原子核的四面体对称性* 2014－09－29收到 † email：yschen@ciae.ac.cn 陈永寿† DOI：10.7693/w (中国原子能科学研究院 北京 102413) Tetrahedral symmetry in atomic nuclei CHEN Yong-Shou† (China Institute of Atomic Energy ，Beijing 102413，China) 摘 要 除了几个幻数核呈球形外，原子核大都是变形的，例如椭球形。现代核物 理实验已发现，原子核可以呈 “梨形”形变，即具有反射不对称性。理论研究预言，原子核 还可能具有 “金字塔”形变，即四面体对称性，而实验上还未找到原子核的这种新对称性。 文章从强相互作用量子多体体系的对称性及其破缺的基本规律出发，阐明原子核四面体形变 的形成机制，并介绍其理论描述。同时讨论寻找四面体形变原子核的基本方法和最新实验研 究进展。 关键词 原子核形变，反射不对称性，四面体对称性，反射不对称壳模型，在束伽马谱学 Abstract Atomic nuclei are usually deformed except for a few magic nuclei which are spherical in shape. Modern nuclear experiments have discovered that some nuclei may have a pear-like shape, with reflection asymmetry. According to theory, other nuclei may also have a pyr- amid-like shape with tetrahedral symmetry, but this new nuclear symmetry has not yet been dis- covered experimentally. This paper aims to explain the formation mechanism of the tetrahedral symmetry as well as give a theoretical description based on the symmetry and symmetry-break- ing of a quantum strong interaction many-body system. The basic ways to search for tetrahedral nuclei and recent experimental developments are also discussed. Keywords nuclear deformation, reflection asymmetry, tetrahedral symmetry, reflection asymmetric shell model, in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy 1 原子核形变 都是109.5° ，如图1(a)所示。在核物理中，四面 体对称性是否成立，四面体(像 “金字塔”)形状 对称性及对称性破缺是自然界的一个基本规