城生态学-ArizonaStateUniversity.PDFVIP

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城生态学-ArizonaStateUniversity

第二届现代生态学讲座 中国·北京 The second International Symposium on Modern Ecology.Beijing,China 城市生态学:一个面临新挑战的生态学领域 朱伟兴 1 邬建国 2 张利权 2 1亚利桑那州立大学环境研究中心,Tempe , AZ85287 2亚利桑那州立大学生命科学系, Phoenix , AZ 85069 摘要 城市环境是受人类活动极度影响的生态系统的典型代表。城市生态学研究对许多传统的生态学理论提 出了挑战。然而,城市生态学研究又为发展、丰富、修改和检验生态学理论提供了一个重要的基地。为了 改善人类的生存环境,合理地管理自然资源,以及保护全球的生物多样性,我们必须要发展和完善城市生 态学理论和实践。城市生态学有多种途径来研究和理解城市系统的结构、功能和动态。本文着重阐述两 种。生态系统生态学途径注重于城市生态系统中的能流、物流和生物种类的研究;而城市景观生态研究途 径注重于景观中空间异质性的产生以及这些异质性是怎样影响城市生态系统中的能流、物流、生物种类和 信息流等生态学过程的。北美城市生态学长期研究正是以这两种主要研究途径相结合为特征的。毫无疑 问,城市生态学长期研究对于认识并解决由于全球城市化趋势的加速和城市发展过程中出现的一系列问 题,如人口膨胀、资源紧缺、城市布局不合理、环境污染等等,具有重要意义。 1 2 2 Abstract Zhu , W. , J. Wu , and L. Zhang (1 Arizona State University, Tempe , AZ85287 , USA; 2 Arizona State University - West , Phoenix , AZ85069 , USA ). Urban Ecology: An Ecological Field Facing New Challenges. Urban environment represents ecological systems that are most drastically transformed by human activities. The study of urban ecosystems represents a challenge to classical ecological theory. Indeed, most ecological theories have been developed without an explicit consideration of urban environments. We assert that the urban ecosystem is one of the ideal places to develop, modify and test current ecological theory , as we struggle to improve the living environment for human being , manage the natural resources of the planet and preserve its biodiversity over the coming decades and beyond. Two ecological approaches are mainly adopted to understand and manage the structure , function and dynamics of urban ecosystems. The ecosystem approach studies cities as systems, focusing on energy flow, materiel cycling and species in them , On the other hand , a landscape ecological

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