大学材料科学基础第七章-相变.ppt

第五节 固态相变中的形核 Solid–State Nucleation Nucleation on Grain Boundaries Precipitation Sequences Precipitation Sequences Precipitation Sequence Precipitation Sequence Precipitation Sequence Spinodal decomposition Growth of Spinodal Waves Spinodal Mechanism Simulation Nucleation, grain size, Li2O-Al2O-SiO2 SurfaceRelief Self-accommodation by variants Self-accommodation Bain model Orientation relationships in the Bain model are:(111)g = (011)a’ [101]g = [111]a’ [110]g = [100]a’ [112]g = [011]a’ Interstitial sites for C in Fe Carbon in ferrite 二、马氏体转变晶体学 The Bain strain (not all lattice points illustrated) 将此体心正方晶胞沿C轴压缩18％，沿a轴膨胀12％，就能得到轴比合适的体心正方马氏体。这是最早的马氏体转变晶体学模型，虽然比较简单，但无法解释无畸变面。 钢中发生马氏体相变时，fcc奥氏体转变成体心正方的马氏体，c/a ＞1，这种点阵改组是怎样进行的？ 1924年，Bain提出一个模型来描述这种转变， 称为Bain模型。 ~100? ~5? a GPZ Precipitation sequences start with solid–state nucleation of some metastable phase. In Al-Cu alloys the solutionized parent phase is deeply quenched to initiate nucleation. The nuclei that form are called Guinier–Preston zones (GPZ’s). These form homogeneously through the matrix at a typical density of ~1018 cm-3. Upon aging, the GPZ’s disappear, and are replaced by metastable coherent q?? precipitates of BCT phase. These are plate shaped, ~20? thick, and 300? wide. They develop with a crystallographic habit {100} q?? ?? {100}a GPZ q?? q? equilibrium phase q nucleated phase Hardness, VPN Log aging time (days) 0.1 1 10 100 1000 GPZ q?? q? q q?, a second semi–coherent BCT phase, precipitates on boundaries and dislocations and replaces q??. These particles are ~1000? in size and can be seen in an optical microscope. q phase forms as the last stage in the sequence. Its appearance is called “overaging” because it is non–coherent and does not provide much strengthening because of reduce strain effects. Coherency loss, analysis The assumptions of the simple analysis are: elastic strain energy is significant for the fully coherent case, not for the non-coherent case. Also, the en