石油工程系论文油井清蜡与防蜡的研究及应用.doc

油井清蜡与防蜡的研究及应用 摘要 A油田属于小而肥的高品位油田，埋藏浅、油层单一、胶结疏松、高孔、高渗、稀油、边水活跃、初期产量高，但是原油中合蜡量高达6％左右，开采过程中结蜡容易造成自喷井油嘴堵塞、机抽井卡光杆、地面管线堵塞而影响正常生产。通过开展恒温溶蜡实验，矿场总结单井结蜡规律，采取区别对待，根据油压、套压、回压变化，对自喷井检查油嘴、启抽、热洗井筒及地面管线、机械刮蜡等有效措施，投入开发三年以来没有一口井和一条管线发生过蜡卡事故，油井生产平稳有序，集输管线安全畅通，以甲方12人的经营团队累积产油72×104t，采收率50％，自然递减为-7％，综合含水仅1.6％。 关键词：结蜡规律；热洗；人工清蜡方法 Abstract： A oilfield was a high-quality oilfield with shallow buried depth，single reservoir，loose cementation，highporosity，high permeability，thin oil，andactive edge water．Its initial potential production was high，but paraffin content of crude oil was as high as 6％，and in the production process，paraffinning caused choke plugging of flowing wells，polish rod stucking of artificial lift wells，and ground pipeline block so that normal production was affected．By constant temperature paraffin melting experiment，single-well paraffinning law was summarized，and according to oil pressure，set pressure，back pressure changes，differential treatment was taken．For flowing wells，choke check，wellbore hot washing and ground shaft，mechanical paraffin scraping and other effective measures were taken，and no polish rod stucking was happened caused by paraffinning for 3 years since A oilfield was put into production．Oil production was well organized，well and pipelines were safe and straightaway，cumulative oil production of A well was 72×104 t，oil recovery rate was 50％，natural decline was -7％and watercut was only 1.6％． Keywords：paraffinning law；hot washing；manual paraffin removal method 油井在正常生产时原油从地层流入井筒,然后从井底上升到井口的活动过程中,随着温度和压力的下降以及轻质组分的不断逸出,降低了原油对蜡的溶解能力蜡开始结晶、析出、聚集、沉积,附着在油井管杆的壁上,这就是我们通常所说的结蜡现象。结蜡会造成油流通道减小堵塞油、套管或地面管道和设备导致油井负荷增大井口回压升高严重时甚至会造成蜡卡、抽油杆断脱等躺井事故增加维护性作业井次所以,防蜡和清蜡措施是油田进行油井维护管理工作的重要手段之一。图1-1温度对石蜡溶解度的影响 1—比重 γ=0.7351 的汽油中 2—比重 γ=0.8299 的原油中 3—在比重 γ=0.8816 的脱气原油中 (1)原油性质与含蜡量对结蜡的影响：原油中轻质馏分越多，溶蜡能力越强，析蜡温度越低，越不容易结蜡。 (2)温度对结蜡的影响：当温度保持在析蜡温度以上时，蜡不会析出，就不会结蜡，而温度降到析蜡温度以下时开始析出蜡结晶，温度越低，析出的蜡越多。值得注意的是，析蜡温度是随开采过程中原油组分变化而变化的，应当根据预测的开发过程原油组分变化情况，用高压物性模拟试验的方法测试析蜡温度变化。对小油田也可以借用类似的数据。 (3)压力对结蜡的影响：压力对