[理学]Plutonium.doc

Plutonium From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the radioactive element. For other uses, see Plutonium (disambiguation). neptunium ← plutonium → americium Sm↑Pu↓(Uqq) 94Pu Periodic table Appearance silvery white General properties Name, symbol, number plutonium, Pu, 94 Pronunciation /plu??to?ni?m/ploo-toe-nee-?m Element category actinide Group, period, block n/a,?7, f Standard atomic weight (244) Electron configuration [Rn] 5f6 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2 (Image) Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r.t.) 19.816 g·cm?3 Liquid density at m.p. 16.63 g·cm?3 Melting point 912.5?K1182.9?°F639.4?°C,, Boiling point 5842?°F3228?°C,3505?K, Heat of fusion 2.82 kJ·mol?1 Heat of vaporization 333.5 kJ·mol?1 Molar heat capacity 35.5 J·mol?1·K?1 Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1756 1953 2198 2511 2926 3499 Atomic properties Oxidation states 7, 6, 5, 4, 3(amphoteric oxide) Electronegativity 1.28 (Pauling scale) Ionization energies 1st: 584.7 kJ·mol?1 Atomic radius 159 pm Covalent radius 187±1 pm Miscellanea Crystal structure monoclinic Magnetic ordering paramagnetic[1] Electrical resistivity (0 °C) 1.460 μΩ·m Thermal conductivity 6.74?W·m?1·K?1 Thermal expansion (25 °C) 46.7 μm·m?1·K?1 Speed of sound 2260 m·s?1 Youngs modulus 96 GPa Shear modulus 43 GPa Poisson ratio 0.21 CAS registry number 7440-07-5 Most stable isotopes Main article: Isotopes of plutonium iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 238Pu syn 87.74 y SF 204.66[2] — α 5.5 234U 239Pu trace 2.41 × 104 y SF 207.06 — α 5.157 235U 240Pu syn 6.5 × 103 y SF 205.66 — α 5.256 236U 241Pu syn 14 y β? 0.02078 241Am SF 210.83 — 242Pu syn 3.73 × 105 y SF 209.47 — α 4.984 238U 244Pu trace 8.08 × 107 y α 4.666 240U SF — v d e · r Plutonium (?/plu??to?ni?m/ ploo-toh-nee-?m) is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with the chemical symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is an actinide metal