[英语学习]英汉翻译比较comparison.ppt

Day 2 Chinese English Comparison and Translation A brief comparison of the Chinese language and the English language Chinese English Typology: Sino-Titetan Indo-European Writing: logographic alphabetic Phonetics: tone intonation Morphology: analytic synthetic Syntax: parataxis hypotaxis Analytic (分析型）v.s Synthetic （综合型） 政治学习 the study of politics 学习政治 to study politics 克服困难 to overcome difficulties 困难问题 a difficult problem I am writing a letter. 我正在写信。 I wrote a letter yesterday. 我昨天写了信。 I have written a letter. 我已写了信。 He has two brothers. I have none. 他有两个哥哥。我一个也没有。 Semantic sentence vs. Syntactic sentences 他五岁的时候，生了一场伤寒，变成了聋子。 He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid fever. 下雨了。 年轻人顶着风，冒着雨，出去骑马。 The young man went out, against the wind and through the rain, for a ride on horseback. Topic comment vs. subject predicate 他的专业他一点也不喜欢。 Parataxis vs. hypotaxis 你死了我去当和尚。 人不犯我，我不犯人。 Pre-modification vs. post-modification 他昨天在学校看了一场电影. 那个在看书的女孩是他的女朋友。 parataxis (意合) v.s hypotaxis (形合） English sentences: subject-predicate, conjunctions, abstract nouns, prepositions, relative clause Chinese sentences: order of time, order of space, topic-comment, verbs, word order Nouns in English The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israeli’s right to exist. 1967年的联合国文件呼吁解决中东冲突，其基础是以色列从被占领的土地上撤退，阿拉伯国家则成仁以色列人的生存权。 Pronouns in English Carlisle Street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat markets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn. 卡莱尔大街往西伸展，越过一座黑色大桥，爬下山岗又爬上去，经过许多小铺和肉市，又经过一些平房，然后突然朝着一大片绿色草地中止了。 Translation practice The isolation of the rural world, because of distance and the lack of transport facilitie