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2000年8月TOEFL语法笔记 编委：Maya 审委：Xaosduck The gray scale, a progressive series of shades ranging from black to white, is used in computer graphics _____ detail to graphical images. added to add are added and add key：B 分析：考点是状语成分。答案B，不定式做目定状语。 （A）过去分词不能再接宾语，错； （C）又来一个谓语，违反了谓语单一原则； （D）平行结构and两边的成分不对称，一个是被动，一个是主动，错。 参考译文：灰度，一种从黑到白的灰度梯度，被用在计算机图形中来增加图像的细节。 By _____ excluding competition from an industry, governments have often created public service monopolies. they adopt laws laws are adopted adopting laws having laws adopt key：C 分析：考点是宾语成分。by在句首，常是by + doing的用法，表示使用一种方法或者是手段。后面用动名词作宾语。 （A）句子没有连词引导，不能作宾语； （B）同上理； （D）语序混乱。 参考译文：通过采取在一项产业里禁止竞争的法律，政府常常制造了公共服务垄断。 _____ skeleton of an insect is on the outside of its body. Its That the There is a The key：D 分析：考点是限定词。显而易见，答案D，定冠词。 （A）若用A的话，则句中不应该有of an insect。 （B）两个限定词，重复，多余。 （C）违反了谓语单一原则。 参考译文：昆虫的骨架是在它的身体的外面. Lenses, _____, are used to correct imperfection in eyesight. are the forms of glasses and contact lenses in the form of glasses and contact lenses glasses and contact lenses which form glasses and contact lenses may be formed key：B 分析：考点是定语成分。句子已完整，空格处应修饰主语lenses。答案B，介词短语做后置定语。其实中间可以还愿成一个定语从句：which are in the form of glassed and contact lenses。 参考译文：透镜，有镜片和隐形镜片两种形式，被用来矫正近视。 In eighteenth-century North American, printed engravings provided____ rococo style. the most manifestation widespread manifestation widespread the most the widespread manifestation most the most widespread manifestation key：D 分析：考点是语序。.the + most + adj. + N. 参考译文：在18世纪北美,印刷雕刻术提供了最广泛传播的显示的及其洛可可风格. In the Arctic tundra, ice fog may form under clear skies in winter; ____ coastal fogs or low stratus clouds are common in summer. because of whereas despite that key：B 分析：考点是连词的用法。空格前后为两个完整的分句，则空格处应填一个连词，连接前后两个句子。 （A）because of后面接宾语，不接从句； （C）despite为介词，不能引导句子； （D）that不引导状语从句。 参考译文：在北极的苔原地区，冰雾或许可以形成在冬天的晴朗太空下，而海岸的雾或者是低层云在夏天更常见。 On attaining maximum size, ___ by drawing itself out and dividing into two daughter amoebas, each receiving identical nuclear material