硕士论文-穿孔等离子弧焊接温度场的数值模拟参考.docVIP

摘 要 穿孔型等离子弧焊接 (Keyhole plasma arc welding，K-PAW)作为高能密度焊接工艺方法之一，具有巨大的工业应用潜力。但其实用的工艺参数区间窄，可调裕度小，导致小孔的稳定性差，这些问题制约了该工艺在工业中的大量应用。进行K-PAW焊接温度场的数值模拟研究将有助于对其工艺机理的深入了解和工艺参数的优化。K-PAW焊接时形成贯穿工件的小孔，对应于这种工艺特点，K-PAW的焊缝具有“倒喇叭”状的焊缝成形。现有的热源模式无法准确模拟出深宽比大的K-PAW焊缝形状尺寸，需要进一步提出充分考虑K-PAW焊接工艺和焊缝形状特点的适用的体积热源分布模式。 从宏观的焊接热过程出发，将小孔效应体现在热流密度沿工件厚度方向的分布上，根据K-PAW的焊缝形状特点，找出了适合于K-PAW焊接的组合式体积热源作用模式，即，沿板厚方向，工件的上部采用双椭球体热源，下部为中心轴热流峰值线性递增的圆柱体热源。将“双椭球体＋峰值递增圆柱体”组合式热源应用于SYSWELD软件与K-PAW焊接热过程的有限元分析模型，计算了6mm厚不锈钢板K-PAW焊接温度场以及焊缝形状尺寸，计算与实验结果吻合。证明了所提出的组合式体积热源的合理性和适用性。 从小孔形成的物理过程出发，通过建立小孔的数理模型，在确定出小孔形状的基础上，建立K-PAW的体积热源作用模式，是K-PAW焊接热过程研究的另外一种思路。本文根据小孔内部的、动量守恒和小孔表面张力方程，建立了轴对称小孔的计算模型。将小孔形状尺寸与K-PAW体积热源分布区域相联系，提出了“孔体积热源模式”。将这种热源模式应用于K-PAW焊接温度场与焊缝成形的数值模拟，结果表明，数值模拟的计算数据与实测数据吻合良好。 关键词：Abstract As one of the high energy density welding processes, keyhole plasma arc welding(K-PAW) has great application potential in industry. But its applicable range of process parameters is narrow and the adjustability is lower, which result in the poor stability of the keyhole and limit the wide application of K-PAW. Conducting numerical simulation of temperature fields in K-PAW will be helpful and useful to deeply understand the process mechanisms and optimize the process parameters, and promote its industrial applications. During K-PAW process, a keyhole forms to fully penetrate the workpiece. Corresponding to this characteristic, the K-PAW weld is like a “reversed bugle” in geometry. The available welding heat source modes can not be used to describe the characteristics of K-PAW weld with high depth-to-width ratio. Further study must be carried out to propose adaptive volumetric heat source mode which fully takes account of the features of the process and the weld geometry. From the point of view in macroscopic phenomena of heat transfer, the keyhole effect is indirectly described through considering the heat flux distribution along the workpiece thickness. Suitable and adaptive volumetric heat source mode is developed to completely ref