Applying a socially inspired technique (tags) to improve cooperation in P2P networks推荐.pdfVIP

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS—PART A: SYSTEMS AND HUMANS, VOL. 35, NO. 3, MAY 2005 385 Applying a Socially Inspired Technique (Tags) to Improve Cooperation in P2P Networks David Hales and Bruce Edmonds Abstract— In this paper, we focus on the problem of maintaining We migrate the “tag” mechanism from a social science-ori- significant levels of cooperation in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks of ented model to a practically inspired P2P file-sharing model. In selfish adaptive peers. We propose a simple algorithm that main- order to achieve this migration, we present a sequence of three tains high levels of cooperation in such a network while performing the collective task of file sharing. The algorithm is adapted from models moving from the initially abstract model to the final ap- novel “tag” models of cooperation that do not rely on explicit reci- plied simulation model. procity, reputation or trust mechanisms. A sequence of three sim- The initial model, TagWorld (Section III), demonstrates the ulation models is presented—starting with an abstract model of emergence of cooperation in a population of evolving agents tag-based cooperation (TagWorld) and finishing with a P2P file- that interact randomly in pairs to play a cooperation game called sharing model (FileWorld) that puts the technique to work. From analysis of extensive computer simulations, we demonstrate the the prisoner’s dilemma (PD) game. The second model, Net- technique to be scalable, robust, and decentralized; it requires no World (Section IV), adapts the TagWorld by situating interac- central servers or authorities. The algorithm is relatively simple: tions between neighbors on a dynamic graph topolo