提高超声波的精度和量程设计推荐.docVIP

摘 要 声波的频率是20Hz~20kHz，频率低于20 Hz的叫次声波，高于20kHz的叫超声波。由于超声波的频率高，波长小，所以指向性较好，在传播过程中衰减少，传播距离远。虽然现在超声波测距在远距离测距方面和激光测距有明显的不足，但是超声波测距在中、近距离方面还是有很大优势的。第一，超声波在传播过程中受环境因素影响较小，可以在较复杂的环境中应用。第二，超声波发射、接收电路简单，稳定，易于实现小型化。第三，小功率的超声波系统能耗小，可使用电池供电，易于实现手持化，小型化等。第四，超声波检测计算简单，可以实时控制，在测量精度方面可以达到工业、农业和日常应用的要求。由于超声波的种种优点，使得超声波测距在工业、农业当中的应用相当广泛。 本课题研究的方向主要是提高超声波的精度和量程，为的是提高超声波在测距方面的应用。本设计是以AT89S52单片机为基础，对超声波发射电路的控制，同时利用单片机内部的计数器对超声波传播过程中所用时间的计算，计算出距离，并通过LCD1602显示实际距离。系统在测距前还对温度做了测量，计算出超声波在现在温度中的实际速度，以提高超声波测距系统的精度。为了提高实时性，还要求可以通过按键来设置测温功能是否启动。 本设计通过对温度的补偿和程序中对距离计算的方法的修正，在不同距离上使精度得到了很大的提高，并可以做到非线性补偿，提高了超声波的应用范围，达到了课题的研究目的。 关键词：超声波 ; 温度测量 ; 语音控制 ; 单片机 Abstract The frequency of acoustic wave is 20Hz to 20 KHz. The frequency of acoustic wave, which is lower than 20 Hz is called infrasonic wave. And the frequency of acoustic wave, which is higher than 20 KHz is called ultrasonic wave. The frequency of ultrasonic wave directive property is good because its frequency is high and its wavelength is small. The attenuation is small, and its transmission distance is far during its transmission. Although there are obvious disadvantages on the distance measurement of long distance and laser nowadays, the distance measurement of ultrasonic wave still has great disadvantages on the middle distance and the short distance. The laser is less affected by the environment during its transmission. It can be used in the complex environment. Second, it is easy and stable for ultrasonic wave to transmit and receive circuit. Miniaturization is easy to become reality. Third, small power units of ultrasonic wave system are less consumed. It can use battery to supply power. And it is easy to implement handheld and miniaturization. Forth, the examination of ultrasonic wave can be computed easily. And it also can be controlled in the real time. It can meet the requirement of industry and agriculture. Ultrasonic wave can be widely used in industry and agriculture as it has all kinds of advantages. The accuracy and