[工学]中国石油大学化学反应工程课件 12.ppt

Slurry Reactor for the Hydrogenation of Methyl Linoleate Chapter 12 Diffusion and reaction in porous catalysts 12.1 Diffusion and reaction in spherical catalyst pellets Fig. 12-1 Mass transfer and reaction steps for a spherical catalyst pellet. The internal effectiveness factor for spherical catalyst pellet Assumption that the internal mass transfer resistance to either the products or reactants that occur between the external pellet surface and the interior of the spherical pellet, and the irreversible isomerization A B that occurs on the surface of the pore wall within the spherical pellet of radium R 12.1.1 Effective Diffusivity We define an effective diffusion coefficient so as to describe the average diffusion taking place at any position r in the pellet. We shall consider only radial variations in the concentration of component A; the radial flux WAr will be based on the total area (voids and solids) normal to transport (i.e., 4πr2 ) rather than void area alone The Definition The effective diffusivity accounts for the fact that: Not all of the area normal to the direction of the flux is available (i.e., void) for the molecules to diffuse. The paths are tortuous. The pores are of varying cross-sectional area. The expression of De Where Pore constriction and pore tortuosity 12.1.2 Derivation of the Differential Equation Describing Diffusion and Reaction We perform a steady-state mole balance on species A as it enters,leaves,and reacts in a spherical shell of inner radius r and outer radius r+Δr of the pellet. See the Fig. 12-3. Fig.12-3 Shell balance on a catalyst pellet Shell balance on species A The area that appears in the balance equation is total area normal to the direction of the molar flux: Rate of generation of A Where rm is some mean radius between r and r+Δr that is used to approximate the volume ΔV of the shell. The mole balance over the shell thickness Δr After dividing by (-4π Δr ) and