体细胞杂交Somatichybridization细胞融合.PPT

Chapter 3Protoplast Culture Somatic Hybridization Wenwu Guo Application Fusion and culture Devel. process hybrid verification Definition Part 2 Somatic hybridization （体细胞杂交） 1: Definition of SH SH, i.e. protoplast fusion, a process of PPs from two different parents were induced to fuse and then regenerate into plantlets, also named as SH (A + B) Several different expressions: 体细胞杂交：Somatic hybridization 细胞融合：Cell fusion 原生质体融合：Protoplast fusion 无性杂交：asexual hybridization 超性杂交：Parasexual hybridization 超性融合：Parasexual fusion 细胞操作：Cell manipulation 细胞工程: Cell engineering Comparison of SH with Sexual crossing Items Somatic fusion Sexual cross Time 时间 No season limit Only bloom season (花期限制，母本花期) Phylogeny 亲缘关系 Can circumvent graft/sexual incompatibility 克服嫁接/有性不亲和性 Can not Results 结果 nuclear, cytoplasmic genomes recombined Ploidy level increaed Double fertilization, no recombination and ploidy level unchanged Possible Fusion Results of Two Genetically Different Protoplasts = chloroplast = nucleus Fusion heterokaryon cybrid cybrid hybrid hybrid = mitochondria Terminology-1 对称杂种 (symmetric hybrid)（双亲给杂种贡献的遗传物质均为100%） 非对称杂种(asymmetric hybrid)（双亲给杂种贡献的遗传物质不等（相对值） 胞质杂种（cytoplasmic hybrid, Cybrid）：细胞质重组，细胞核未重组 对称融合（symmetric fusion） 也称标准融合（Standard fusion） 非对称融合（asymmetric fusion）：融合前对一方进行处理，使其染色体丢失一部分 Terminology-2 供-受体融合：Donor-recipient fusion 体配融合（gameto-somatic fusion）（性细胞与体细胞融合） 亚原生质体-原生质体融合： Subprotoplast-protoplast fusion 小原生质体：Miniprotoplast 微原生质体：Microprotoplast 胞质体：Cytoplast 胞质体-原生质体融合: Cytoplast-protoplast fusion Technical developmental history 1970s, establish and optimize of PP technique 1972, tobacco interspecific somatic hybrid 1975, high Ca-high pH PEG fusion; electro-fusion Numerous reports, some were not realistic Early 1980s, model plants to staple/economic crops, symmetric to asymmetric, more realistic Late 1980s, many reports on perennial woody plants 1990s to date, a conventional safe ‘