时代周刊盘点2009十大科学发现.docVIP

生物科技快报 Bulletin of Biological Science Technology 中国科学院成都生物研究所科技情报中心 目 录 [科技突破汇总] The Breakthroughs of 20091 《科学》评出2009十大科学突破3 《时代》周刊盘点2009十大科学发现6 《时代》盘点2009十大医学突破 H1N1疫苗等上榜13 《时代》评选出2009十大新物种17 《科学家》杂志评出2009年生命科学领域十大创新技术22 《科学家》盘点09年影响生命科学五大人物26 2009年生命科学领域最热门论文排名出炉27 美国《国家地理》评出2009年十大自然发现29 《科学》杂志预测2010年科研热点35 [科技进展]早期陆生维管植物起源和演化研究获进展36 脱落酸受体研究取得突破38 李家洋领衔发现决定稻米食用品质的基因调控网络47 应用图位克隆法分离得到首例水稻抗虫基因47 土壤硝化微生物研究取得新进展48 蛋白活性研究取得新进展52 [科技要闻] 联合国气候变化大会闭幕 发布《哥本哈根协议》53 预热哥本哈根气候变化峰会：各国相继公布减排目标54 《〈自然〉百年科学经典》在京首发56 分类学研究岌岌可危 中国策划大规模项目拯救濒危学科57 [科技知识]分类学Editorial The Breakthroughs of 2009 Bruce Alberts Bruce Alberts is Editor-in-Chief of Science.  Every December, the editors of Science face the challenge of reviewing what Science has accomplished around the world in the past 12 months, so as to select our breakthroughs of the year. The task is an invigorating one, providing a powerful reminder of both the enormous scope and the continual advance of science. For this years selections, the range is staggering. From the discovery of pulsars created by neutron stars that are many thousands of light-years distant, to the production of a new single-atom–thick material such as graphene, the same natural laws and logic have generated new understandings over a more than 1030-fold difference in scale. And there is usually special excitement when an advance directly concerns humans, as in the discovery of an ancient ancestor or a successful application of gene therapy to cure disease. This years selection for the Breakthrough of the Year is the reconstruction of the 4.4-million-year-old Ardipithecus ramidus skeleton and her environs, published in Science as a major series of 11 articles in October. This choice does not come easily, given the distaste of our editors for self-promotion. But this work changes the way we think about early human evolution, and it represents the culmination of 15 years of highly collaborative research. Remarkably, 47 scientists of diverse expe