水文地质专业英语词汇表.docVIP

APPENDIX Dictionary of Water Terms Absolute drought: Usually applied to periods of 15 consecutive days or more characterized by less than 0~25 mm rainfall daily. Absorption (water): The imbibing of water by a soil or rock, a quantity expressed in percentage terms of the original dry weight. Acidification: Using acid (normally hydrochloric) to increase water supply from a borehole failing due to encrustation on screens and slotted pipes. Acre: A unit of area equal to 4840 yd2 (or 0.4047 hectare, 4047m2). Acre foot: That volume of water which will cover 1 acre to a depth of 1 ft. Equal to 1233.5 m3. Adit: A rectangular heading or tunnel either horizontal or inclined for tapping groundwater. Often driven from a shaft and may be lined or unlined. Adsorbed water: That water which is retained in a mass of soil by physical-chemical forces. Aeration, zone of Subsurface between the surface and the water table divisible into a belt of soil water, an intermediate region and a lowermost capillary fringe. Air-lift pump: A piece of equipment capable of lifting water in a well and comprising an air compressor at the surface and two pipes hanging down vertically with one inside the other. The smaller pipe delivers compressed air to the depth of occurrence of water where a nozzle discharges it into the free water and, by aeration, causes its density to drop. Thereafter, the water/air mixture is forced upwards by the head of groundwater. Airline correction: A correction necessary in the measurement of water depth in order to determine true depth. Apparent velocity of groundwater: The apparent rate of movement of groundwater in the zone of saturation is expressible thus: V=Q/A, where Q is the volume of water passing through a cross-section of area A in unit time. Appropriated rights, water: An individuals rights to the exclusive usage of water based strictly upon priority of appropriation and the beneficial utilization of the water without limitation of the place of usage. Aquiclude: