c++语言知识点ch07v2009.ppt

Rules of type compatibility (3) (2) 用派生类对象初始化基类的引用。 D d; // derived-class object B rb = d; // base-class reference B rb = d 没有切割对象，但只能访问基类成员。 支持下溯造型。 Rules of type compatibility (4) (3) 指向基类的指针可以指向派生类对象。 D d; // derived-class object B *pb; // base-class pointer pb = d; // OK. B *pb = d 没有切割对象，但只能访问基类成员。 支持下溯造型。 class Person { ... }; class Teacher : public Person { ... }; class Student : public Person { ... }; Person p; Teacher t; Student s; p = t; p.talk(s,”Hello”); p.teach(“C++”); Person *pp = s; pp-talk(t,”bye”); pp-doHomework(“C++”); ((Student *)pp)-doHomework(“C++”); ((Teacher *)pp)-teach(“C++”); // OK // OK, access base member // ERROR, no member // OK. // OK. // ERROR, no member // OK. // DANGER! Programming: Teacher and Student. int main() { Teacher ta(TA); Teacher tb(TB); Student s1(S1,2006); Student s2(S2,2007); ta.teach (C++); tb.teach (英语); s1.learn (C++); s2.learn (英语); tb.talk (ta,“请你吃饭去); ta.talk (tb,好啊); s2.talk (s1,“我想去); s1.talk (s2,我也想去); tb.talk (s1,一起去吧); tb.talk (s2,“去做作业吧); ta.eat (“包子); tb.eat (“烧饼); s1.eat (“油条); s2.doHomework(英语); } 7.5 派生类的构造与析构 (1) 1. 派生类的构造函数 实现步骤： (1) 在构造函数的成员初始化列表中 先调用基类的构造函数 后调用派生类对象成员的构造函数 (2) 在构造函数体内执行其他初始化操作 派生类的构造函数 (例1) class Person { string name; public: explicit Person(string name) : name(name) { } string getName() const { return name; } }; class Teacher : public Person { public: explicit Teacher(string name) : Person(name) { } }; 派生类的构造函数 (例2) class Point { public: explicit Point(int x=0, int y=0) : x(x), y(y) { } int x, y; }; class Shape { Point pos; public: explicit Shape(int x=0, int y=0) : pos(x,y) { } explicit Shape(Point pos) : pos(pos) { } }; class Dimension { public: explicit Dimension(int width=0, int height=0) : width(width), height(height) { } int width, height; }; class Rectangle : public Shape { Dimension dimension; public: explicit R